Water Quality and Treatment Concepts

What are the main sources of water?

• Precipitation, surface water, groundwater, and desalination.

• Atmospheric humidity

• Industrial wastewater

• Rainwater harvesting

Define potability of water.

• Potability of water means it is safe for human consumption.

• Potability of water indicates it has a pleasant taste.

• Potability of water means it is suitable for irrigation.

• Potability of water refers to its color and clarity.

What is the difference between hard and soft water?

• Hard water is always safe to drink; soft water is not.

• Hard water has high mineral content; soft water has low mineral content.

• Hard water is softer than soft water.

• Soft water contains more minerals than hard water.

Explain temporary hardness of water.

• Temporary hardness of water is caused by dissolved bicarbonates and can be removed by boiling.

• Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved salts and cannot be removed by boiling.

• Temporary hardness is due to the presence of heavy metals in water.

• Temporary hardness is permanent and requires chemical treatment to remove.

What causes permanent hardness in water?

• Dissolved calcium and magnesium ions.

• High levels of iron

• Presence of chlorine

• Dissolved sodium ions

List two disadvantages of hard water in domestic use.

• Improves water taste and quality.

• Increases water flow rate in pipes.

• Enhances the effectiveness of cleaning products.

• 1. Causes scale buildup in pipes and appliances. 2. Reduces soap and detergent effectiveness.

How does hard water affect industrial processes?

• Hard water improves efficiency in industrial processes.

• Hard water can cause scaling, reduce efficiency, increase maintenance costs, and affect cleaning processes in industrial operations.

• Hard water has no impact on maintenance costs.

• Hard water enhances cleaning processes in industrial operations.

What is the purpose of disinfection in water treatment?

• To enhance the taste of water.

• To increase the mineral content of water.

• To reduce the water temperature.

• To eliminate harmful microorganisms and ensure water safety.

Describe the process of disinfection using ozone.

• Ozone disinfection involves heating water to kill bacteria.

• Ozone disinfection requires ultraviolet light to be effective.

• Ozone disinfection is a process that uses ozone gas to inactivate microorganisms by breaking down their cell walls.

• Ozone is used to enhance the flavor of food during cooking.

What is bleaching powder used for in water treatment?

• Bleaching powder is used to enhance the taste of water.

• Bleaching powder is used for disinfection and purification of water.

• Bleaching powder is used to increase water temperature.

• Bleaching powder is used for coloring water.