Phases of Learning

Identify the three phases a sports performer experiences when learning a new skill.

• Planning, Performing, Perfecting

• Preparation, Execution, Feedback

• Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

• Observation, Practice, Mastery

How many cognitive theories of learning are there?

• One

• Three

• Two

• Four

Which of the following is NOT one of the three cognitive theories of learning?

• Closed loop theory

• Open loop theory

• Schema theory

• Behaviorist theory

Closed-loop control relies on ______ to modify and regulate ______. This means that during a movement, ______ information is continuously compared to a desired outcome, and adjustments are made accordingly. This system is most effective for ______ movements that allow time to process the feedback and make adjustment.

• Feedback, Motor actions, Sensory, Slower

• Feedforward, Reflexes, Visual, Faster

• Prediction, Muscles, Auditory, Rapid

• Estimation, Joints, Proprioceptive, Quick

Fill in the blank: In a closed-loop feedback system, _______ is used to adjust the process based on the outcome.

• noise

• input

• disturbance

• feedback

The open loop theory refers to a type of motor control where movements are executed ________ (fill in the blank).

• With continuous feedback

• Without the use of feedback

• By conscious thought only

• With sensory correction after each movement

Schmidt’s schema theory states:

• that motor learning involves the development of generalised motor programs and schemas based on past experiences.

• that every movement requires a unique motor program stored in memory.

• that learning is solely dependent on genetic factors.

• that feedback is not necessary for skill acquisition.