Unit 2 Test Review USH Summer School

Why did Andrew Carnegie use vertical integration to grow his steel business?

• To create competition in the steel industry

• To promote small businesses

• To control every step of the supply chain and reduce costs

• To pay workers higher wages

What is horizontal integration?

• A company buying all the businesses it depends on

• A company buying out all its competitors to control an industry

• A company creating a charity to help workers

• A company sharing its profits equally with workers

What is a monopoly?

• A business that controls the entire market for one product or service

• When a company donates profits to charity

• A form of government regulation

• A system where workers set their own wages

Why did unions form during the Industrial Era?

• To help owners find workers

• To demand better working conditions and pay

• To create business partnerships

• To support the police

What was one tactic used by unions to fight for workers’ rights?

• Hiring immigrants

• Opening their own businesses

• Banning child labor

• Boycotts and strikes to pressure employers

How did blacklists hurt union workers?

• They were celebrated by their employers

• They were promoted to management

• They received a raise

• They were banned from being hired at other jobs

What is collective bargaining?

• A strike against multiple companies

• A court ruling about taxes

• Workers negotiating together for better conditions

• A business selling shares to the public

What were conditions like in many factories during the Industrial Era?

• Free healthcare and meals

• Hazardous, with dangerous equipment and long hours

• Equal pay for men and women

• Safe and supportive with good benefits

Why did many immigrants settle in ethnic enclaves?

• To recreate familiar communities and support systems

• To take control of local governments

• To avoid paying taxes

• To form labor unions

What is nativism?

• A belief that only native-born Americans deserve jobs and opportunities

• The process of becoming a citizen

• Respect for Native American cultures

• A farming method in the 1800s