Quiz on Antepartum Haemorrhage

What is the standard definition of antepartum haemorrhage (APH) according to the RCOG?

• Bleeding from the genital tract before 20 weeks’ gestation

• Bleeding from the genital tract after 24 weeks’ gestation and before birth

• Bleeding from the genital tract at any point during pregnancy

• Bleeding from the genital tract only during labour

Which of the following is the most common major cause of APH?

• Uterine rupture

• Placenta previa

• Placenta abruptio

• Vasa previa

In which condition does the columnar epithelium of the endocervix extend onto the vaginal portion of the cervix, resulting in a red, inflamed-looking area on the ectocervix?

• Cervical polyp

• Cervical ectropion

• Cervical carcinoma

• Cervicitis

Which of the following statements about vasa praevia is correct?

• It involves maternal vessels running over the cervix

• It is a benign condition with no risk to the fetus

• It involves fetal vessels crossing the membranes near the cervical os

• It always presents with abdominal pain

Definition of placenta abruptio.

• Implantation of the placenta over or near the cervical os

• Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall before delivery of the fetus

• Invasion of placental villi into the myometrium and beyond

• Retained placental tissue after delivery

Which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for abruptio placentae?

• Smoking

• Malnutrition

• Hypertension in pregnancy

• Advancing maternal age

In which type of abruptio placentae is the bleeding not visible externally?

• Revealed

• Concealed

• Mixed

What is the most appropriate first step in emergency management of abruptio placentae?

• Administer magnesium sulfate

• Immediate cesarean section

• Insert a urinary catheter and begin hourly monitoring

• Start IV fluids and send blood for investigation

What is placenta previa?

• Premature separation of a normally located placenta

• Placenta implanted over or near the internal cervical os

• Inflammation of the placenta

• Early rupture of membranes

What is the most common symptom of placenta previa?

• Severe abdominal pain

• Painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester

• Fever and chills

• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge