Emergency and Traumatology Quiz

A 55-year-old male presents to the Emergency Department with severe nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. Lab results: sodium 138 mmol/L, potassium 2.1 mmol/L, chloride 101 mmol/L. What is the most likely pathophysiological mechanism underlying his electrolyte abnormality?

• Renal losses

• Transcellular shift

• Drug use

• Decreased intake

• Hypoaldosteronism

A 55-year-old male presents to the Emergency Department with severe nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. Lab results: sodium 138 mmol/L, potassium 2.1 mmol/L, chloride 101 mmol/L. What ECG abnormality may be seen in this patient?

• Prolonged QT wave

• Mitral P wave

• ST segment elevation

• Tall T wave

• Inverted T wave

A 25-year-old female arrives at the ER via ambulance after an accident. She had decreased consciousness 30 minutes prior. Vitals: RR 40/min, pulse 140/min, BP 60/palpation, temp 37.7°C, GCS E3M5V3. Active bleeding from open wounds in both thighs. Received 4000 ml blood transfusion. Which electrolyte imbalance may result from this transfusion?

• Hypernatremia

• Hyponatremia

• Hypercalcemia

• Hypokalemia

• Hypocalcemia

A 39-year-old woman comes with muscle spasms. Vitals: BP 126/89 mmHg, HR 90/min, RR 22/min. The doctor prescribes benzodiazepines. In which of the following conditions is this drug contraindicated?

• CREST syndrome

• Respiratory system depression

• Open-angle glaucoma

• Acute pancreatitis

• Excessive anxiety

A 40-year-old woman presents to the ER with 10 episodes of diarrhea in the last 4 hours. Vitals: BP 80/50 mmHg, HR 134/min, RR 30/min, delirium present. What is the most appropriate fluid for resuscitation?

• Starch

• Blood

• Gelatin

• Dextrose

• Ringer's lactate

A 17-year-old male involved in a road traffic accident is brought to the ER one hour later with decreased consciousness. Vitals: BP 85/50 mmHg, HR 140/min, RR 30/min, cold and pale extremities. Open fracture of left femur and abdominal distension observed. If you were the first person to find him lying on the road, what would you do first?

• Ask bystanders to help move the patient from the road

• Ensure the airway is clear

• Provide assisted ventilation

• Perform CPR

• Control bleeding

A 17-year-old male is brought to the ER one hour after a road traffic accident with decreased consciousness. Vitals: BP 85/50 mmHg, HR 140/min, RR 30/min, cold and pale extremities. Open fracture of the left femur and abdominal distension noted. After 15 minutes, the ambulance arrives. You have completed the primary survey and notice bruising on the patient's neck. How should you move the patient?

• Move the patient to the ambulance stretcher while maintaining airway precautions and apply a cervical collar before moving

• Move the patient directly to the stretcher without paying attention to neck injuries

• Move the patient to the stretcher while providing assisted ventilation

• Start IV fluids before transferring to the stretcher

• Check limb movement for paralysis

A 17-year-old male is brought to the ER after a road traffic accident with decreased consciousness. Vitals: BP 85/50 mmHg, HR 140/min, RR 30/min, cold and pale extremities. Open femur fracture on the left and abdominal distension present. What is the most likely condition?

• Hypovolemic shock

• Neurogenic shock

• Cardiogenic shock

• Septic shock

• Anaphylactic shock

On your way to work, you come across an accident where a car hit an electric utility pole. High-voltage wires are draped across the car, and the victim is trapped inside. What is the first thing you should do?

• Call the electric company to shut off the power

• Call an ambulance

• Pull the victim out without touching the wires

• Remove the wire using a stick and rubber gloves

• Remove the wire using a stick, rubber gloves, and rubber boots

A 56-year-old female is brought to the ER after falling in the bathroom. She is conscious with GCS 12, BP 180/100 mmHg, HR 104/min, RR 28/min, and produces snoring sounds. What is the first appropriate action?

• Insert nasopharyngeal airway

• Insert oropharyngeal airway

• Perform Heimlich maneuver

• Insert endotracheal tube

• Perform suctioning