Thorax, Lungs and Heart

What is the difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the thorax?

• Extrinsic muscles attach to the thorax and to other areas of the body, whereas the intrinsic muscles attach only to the thorax

• Extrinsic muscles are located deeper than intrinsic muscles

• Intrinsic muscles assist in arm movement, extrinsic muscles aid in respiration

• Intrinsic muscles are voluntary, extrinsic are involuntary

What intrinsic muscles are deep to the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

• Pectoralis major, serratus anterior, diaphragm

• External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

• Transversus thoracic muscle, innermost intercostal muscle, subcostal muscle

• Levator costarum, subclavius, scalenes

What passes through the esophageal hiatus?

• Abdominal aorta and vagus nerve

• Esophagus and vagal trunks (X)

• Esophagus and thoracic duct

• Azygos vein and vagus nerve

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

• Esophagus and thoracic duct

• Inferior vena cava and azygos vein

• Abdominal aorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct

• Thoracic duct, vagal trunks, and esophagus

What passes through the psoas gap?

• Sympathetic trunk, genitofemoral nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve

• Femoral artery, obturator nerve, and iliohypogastric nerve

• Inferior vena cava, sympathetic trunk, and pudendal nerve

• Aorta, psoas muscle, and vagal trunk

What is the origin of the anterior intercostal arteries?

• Subclavian A; thoracoacromial A; costocervical trunk

• Aorta; axillary A; brachiocephalic trunk

• Axillary A; internal thoracic A; musculophrenic A

• Internal thoracic A; radial A; vertebral A

For a spinal nerve lesion at T5, what would be affected?

• Upper limb muscles and skin over the deltoid

• Intercostal muscles and skin on the lateral and anterior aspects of the 5th intercostal space

• Diaphragm and abdominal wall

• Skin of the back and posterior thoracic wall

For a lesion of a lateral cutaneous nerve of an intercostal nerve, what would be affected?

• Skin along the anterior but not lateral aspect of the intercostal space of the lesion

• Skin along the lateral but not anterior aspect of the intercostal space of the lesion

• Skin over the posterior thorax only

• Entire dermatome of the affected intercostal nerve

For a lesion of the anterior cutaneous nerve of an intercostal nerve, what would be affected?

• Skin along the lateral but not anterior aspect of the intercostal space of the lesion

• Skin of the abdomen and pelvis

• Skin along the anterior but not lateral aspect of the intercostal space of the lesion

• Deep thoracic musculature

What is the difference between the parietal and visceral pleura?

• The visceral pleura lies adjacent to the lung tissue and the parietal pleura lies adjacent to the inner surface of the thoracic rib cage

• The parietal pleura lies within the alveolar sac, and the visceral pleura covers the bronchi

• The visceral pleura lines the chest wall, and the parietal pleura covers the lung

• There is no anatomical difference between the two pleurae