What does the term "etiology" refer to in the context of abnormal psychology?

• The study of the effectiveness of psychological treatments.

• The statistical frequency of a disorder in a population.

• The causes or origins of a disease or disorder.

• The observable symptoms of a psychological condition.

Which of the following best defines the term "prevalence" in epidemiology?

• The number of new cases of a disorder that appear over a specific period.

• The proportion of a population that has a specific disorder at a given time.

• The rate at which a disorder spreads through a population.

• The likelihood that a person will develop a disorder in their lifetime.

What is the core idea of the Serotonin Hypothesis in relation to depression?

• Depression is caused by an excess of serotonin in the brain.

• Depression is caused by a lack of dopamine in the brain.

• Depression is caused by low levels of serotonin activity in the brain.

• Depression is caused by a faulty reuptake of norepinephrine.

According to the Cortisol Hypothesis, what is the role of cortisol in the development of depression?

• Low levels of cortisol are linked to increased stress tolerance.

• High levels of cortisol inhibit the production of serotonin.

• High levels of cortisol are associated with chronic stress and can damage brain structures.

• Cortisol helps regulate mood and prevents depressive episodes.

The Diathesis-Stress Model suggests that psychological disorders are a result of:

• A purely biological predisposition.

• A solely environmental trigger.

• An interaction between a genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors.

• A combination of learned behaviors and cognitive distortions.

Which of the following is a primary goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

• To explore a client's unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences.

• To challenge and change a client's maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors.

• To provide unconditional positive regard and empathy to the client.

• To use dream analysis to uncover hidden conflicts.

What does the acronym "SSRI" stand for?

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

• Somatic Symptom Release Inducer

• Stress Sensitivity Reaction Indicator

• Serotonin Secretion Regulator Inhibitor

In abnormal psychology, what does the term "comorbidity" mean?

• The presence of a single psychological disorder in a person.

• The co-occurrence of two or more psychological disorders in the same individual.

• The study of the progression of a disorder over time.

• The rate of death associated with a particular disorder.

According to Aaron Beck, the cognitive triad consists of negative thoughts about:

• The past, the present, and the future.

• The self, the world, and the future.

• The mind, the body, and the soul.

• Feelings, behaviors, and thoughts.

What is "genetic vulnerability" in the context of psychological disorders?

• The guarantee that an individual will develop a disorder.

• An inherited predisposition or increased risk for developing a disorder.

• The absence of any genetic influence on mental health.

• The belief that all mental illness is genetically determined.