EAS Logic 9.3 Logical Fallacies Review

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided. Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy 1. “Evolution is true because species change over time, and species change because evolution is true.”

• Circular Reasoning

• Loaded Question

• Strawman

• Appeal to Authority

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided.

Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy

2. “Why do you still support that flawed theory of quantum mechanics?”

Which logical fallacy does the above statement represent?

• Loaded Question

• Strawman

• Appeal to Authority

• Bandwagon

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided. Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy 3. “If we allow one lab to use AI for experiments, soon all science will be controlled by machines.”

• Slippery Slope

• Appeal to Authority

• Red Herring

• Anecdotal Fallacy

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided.

Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy

4. “Either we fund all space exploration, or we’ll never understand the universe.”

• Either Or

• Slippery Slope

• Appeal to Emotion

• Strawman

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided.

Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy

5. An ad claims, “Join thousands of scientists using our cutting-edge lab equipment!”

• Bandwagon

• Appeal to Authority

• Red Herring

• Anecdotal Fallacy

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided. Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy 6. “Support this conservation program to save endangered animals for future generations!”

• Appeal to Emotion

• Strawman

• Red Herring

• Bandwagon

Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are listed below. Each fallacy has one example, all drawn from science. Write your answer in the space provided.

Fallacies: Circular Reasoning, Loaded Question, Slippery Slope, Either Or, Propaganda, Appeal to Emotion, Appeal to Fear, Bandwagon, Red Herring, Ad Hominem, Strawman, Appeal to Authority, Tu Quoque, Appeal to Ignorance, Correlation Fallacy, Genetic Fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, Consensus Gentium, Argument Ab Annis, Special Pleading, Snob Appeal, Gaslighting, Middle Ground, Equivocation, Post Hoc, Hasty Generalization, Weak Analogy, Anecdotal Fallacy

7. “If we don’t stop carbon emissions now, the planet will become unlivable!”

• Appeal to Fear

• Circular Reasoning

• Bandwagon

• Anecdotal Fallacy

All the top biologists accept this theory, so you should too.

• Appeal to Authority (or Bandwagon)

• Straw Man

• False Cause

• Slippery Slope

During a debate about renewable energy, someone says, "Let’s discuss ocean currents instead."

• Red Herring

• Straw Man

• Ad Hominem

• False Dilemma

You can’t trust his climate research because he failed a math class.

• Ad Hominem

• Straw Man

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma