A drought causes most of the grass to die back. What would you expect to happen to the number of rabbits in the wood?

The number of rabbits would decrease because there is less food available.

The number of rabbits would increase because there is more space.

The number of rabbits would stay the same because drought does not affect them.

The number of rabbits would increase because they eat other animals.

The die-back of the grass would affect the number of voles in the wood by:

Decreasing the number of voles because they lose food and shelter.

Having no effect on the number of voles.

Increasing the number of voles because they have more space to move.

Causing the voles to become predators.

All food chains start with a plant or algae because:

they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

they are the top predators in the ecosystem.

they consume other animals for energy.

Biomass is defined as:

The total mass of living organisms in a given area.

The number of animal species in a region.

The amount of sunlight received by plants.

The volume of water in a habitat.

State the energy transformation that takes place during photosynthesis.

Light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Chemical energy is converted to light energy.

Heat energy is converted to electrical energy.

Mechanical energy is converted to heat energy.

In a food chain, why are there usually more producers than consumers?

Because producers must provide all the energy for themselves and the consumers.

Because producers are at the top of the food chain.

Because consumers reproduce faster than producers.

Because consumers need less energy than producers.

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A pyramid of numbers is a diagram that shows the number of organisms at each level of a food chain using different sized blocks.

A pyramid of numbers is a diagram that shows the population growth of a species over time.

A pyramid of numbers is a diagram that shows the energy flow between trophic levels in a food chain.

A pyramid of numbers is a diagram that shows the biomass at each level of a food chain.

Why does the pyramid of numbers for an oak tree food chain look different from the grass-rabbit-fox pyramid?

Because oak trees are very large organisms, so the producer in this food chain could be just one individual.

Because oak trees have more leaves than grass.

Because foxes eat more than rabbits.

Because the food chain with oak trees has more energy at the top.

What does a pyramid of biomass represent?

A pyramid of biomass represents the total mass of individuals at each level of a food chain.

A pyramid of biomass represents the number of species in an ecosystem.

A pyramid of biomass represents the energy flow between trophic levels.

A pyramid of biomass represents the height of trees in a forest.

Why is the block representing the biomass of the oaks much wider than the block representing the biomass of the aphids in the pyramid of biomass?

Because one oak tree may have a mass of several tonnes, while the mass of each aphid is only a tiny fraction of a gram, so the combined mass of all the aphids is much less than the mass of the tree they feed on.

Because aphids reproduce faster than oaks, so their biomass is always less.

Because oaks are at the top of the food chain, so they have more biomass.

Because aphids consume all the biomass of the oaks, leaving little for themselves.

A food chain must contain more producers than consumers because:

producers provide the energy needed for all other organisms

producers depend on consumers for food

consumers produce more energy than producers

consumers are always more numerous than producers

Food chains usually contain no more than four organisms because:

energy is lost at each trophic level, limiting the number of organisms

there are not enough species to form longer chains

organisms cannot survive in longer chains

predators always eliminate the last organism

Large carnivores such as lions are relatively rare in a food chain because:

Energy is lost at each trophic level, leaving less energy for higher-level carnivores.

They are at the bottom of the food chain.

They reproduce much faster than herbivores.

They have more food sources than herbivores.

The equation for calculating the efficiency of the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is:

(Energy at higher trophic level / Energy at lower trophic level) × 100

(Energy at lower trophic level / Energy at higher trophic level) × 100

(Energy at higher trophic level + Energy at lower trophic level) × 100

(Energy at higher trophic level - Energy at lower trophic level) × 100

Rearing animals in heated sheds could help raise the yield of meat from animals because:

It reduces the energy animals use to keep warm, allowing more energy to be used for growth.

It makes animals eat less food, reducing costs.

It increases the amount of exercise animals get, making them healthier.

It causes animals to sleep more, which increases meat production.

Rearing animals in small pens so they cannot move about much could help raise the yield of meat from animals because:

Less energy is used for movement, so more energy is available for growth.

It increases the animals' appetite significantly.

Animals become healthier in small spaces.

It makes the animals more active and muscular.

Meat from intensively reared animals is generally cheaper than meat from traditionally reared animals because:

intensive rearing methods reduce production costs

intensive rearing uses more expensive feed

traditional rearing produces more meat per animal

intensive rearing requires more land

a square frame used to sample an area in ecological studies

a measuring instrument for temperature

a type of animal found in grasslands

a type of soil found in forests

To measure the abundance of a plant such as a daisy using a quadrat, you should:

Place the quadrat randomly on the ground and count the number of daisies within it.

Count all the daisies in the entire field without using the quadrat.

Use the quadrat to measure the height of the daisies only.

Place the quadrat only where you see the most daisies.

To ensure your quadrat is placed randomly, you should:

Use a random number generator to select coordinates for placement.

Choose locations that look most interesting.

Place the quadrat wherever it is easiest to access.

Always place the quadrat at the edge of the study area.

It is important to place your quadrat randomly because:

it ensures that the results are not biased.

it makes the experiment faster.

it guarantees that only rare species are counted.

it allows you to choose your favorite area.

The method used for the transect line to estimate the population size of daisies is:

Place a tape measure across the area and count daisies at regular intervals along the line.

Count all daisies in the entire field without any pattern.

Estimate the number of daisies by looking at the area from a distance.

Only count daisies found at the start and end of the transect line.

CLS Ecosystems - Key Concepts

Authored by Kerry Pattison

Biology

9th Grade

Used 1+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas.

Quadrats are placed randomly in each area, the number of organisms in each quadrat is counted, and the average is calculated. This average is then multiplied by the total area to estimate the population size in each area.

Quadrats are placed only in the area with the most organisms, and the total number found is used as the estimate for both areas.

Quadrats are used to trap organisms, and the number of trapped organisms is doubled to estimate the population size in each area.

Quadrats are placed in a line along the edge of each area, and only the organisms touching the quadrat edges are counted for the estimate.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Explain the transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain.

Energy and substances are transferred only through the air and not by eating.

Energy and substances are transferred from one organism to another when one organism eats another. Only a small percentage of energy is passed on at each trophic level; the rest is lost as heat, waste, or used for life processes.

All energy is passed on completely from one organism to the next without any loss.

Substances and energy are only transferred at the producer level and do not move up the food chain.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Why is only about 10% of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Because energy is only needed by producers, not by consumers.

Because energy is created at each trophic level and accumulates.

Because all organisms at each level store all the energy they consume.

Because most energy is lost as heat, waste, or used for life processes such as movement and respiration.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the following term: Animals that eat other plants or animals.

Producers

Consumers

Decomposers

Herbivores

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the following term: Organisms which decay dead material and help recycle nutrients.

Decomposers

Producers

Consumers

Predators

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define the following term: A self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and with a physical environment.

Ecosystem

Habitat

Population

Community

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

All the non-living or non-biological components of an ecosystem i.e. physical factors such as soil, moisture, range of temperature, and availability of light.

Producers

Biotic factors

Abiotic factors

Consumers

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CLS Ecosystems - Key Concepts

Explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas.

Explain the transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain.

Why is only about 10% of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Define the following term: Animals that eat other plants or animals.

Define the following term: Organisms which decay dead material and help recycle nutrients.

Define the following term: A self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and with a physical environment.

All the non-living or non-biological components of an ecosystem i.e. physical factors such as soil, moisture, range of temperature, and availability of light.

The ecological area that is inhabited by a particular organism. It is made up of the environment (physical factors) as well as living factors such as the availability of food and the presence of predators.

All individuals of a particular species found in an ecosystem at any one time.

All individuals of all species found in an ecosystem at any one time.

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