Which of the following most accurately differentiates a manager from a leader in organizational contexts?

• Leaders focus on operational stability; managers focus on visionary innovation.

• Managers develop people through influence; leaders rely on formal systems.

• Leaders have followers; managers have subordinates.

• Managers define strategic visions; leaders implement operational plans.

A transformational leader is primarily characterized by their ability to:

• Delegate routine tasks based on established procedures

• Prioritize immediate efficiency over long-term growth

• Inspire significant change through shared vision and motivation

• Maintain rigid compliance with organizational rules

The phrase “Managers have subordinates; leaders have followers” emphasizes the idea that:

• Managers and leaders operate at identical levels within a structure

• Formal authority is the foundation of leadership

• Leadership is rooted in influence rather than positional power

• Managers are incapable of performing leadership roles

In a traditional hierarchical organizational structure, decision-making authority is typically:

• Equally shared among all employees regardless of role

• Delegated informally based on team preferences

• Centralized and flows vertically through formal levels of authority

• Rotated randomly based on project needs

Which example best illustrates Fayol’s principle of unity of command?

• Each employee receives instructions from a single direct supervisor.

• Departmental managers rotate instructions based on specialization.

• Employees adhere to time-managed task cycles.

• Workers report performance to multiple supervisors for evaluation.

An effective job design primarily depends on:

• Constant changes in job titles and responsibilities

• Limiting the scope of individual employee roles

• Structuring tasks to match employee skills, needs, and motivation

• Encouraging multitasking to fill operational gaps

The primary advantage of work specialization in an organizational setting is:

• Broader employee creativity and cross-functional training

• Minimal oversight required for all processes

• Enhanced task efficiency and performance through repetition

• Lower productivity and reduced skill development

Division of labor refers to:

• Allowing employees to choose their responsibilities autonomously

• Abolishing formal task assignment and management hierarchy

• Systematically splitting work into distinct tasks for efficiency

• Having one individual complete an entire project independently

The view that “efficiency is more important than productivity” suggests that an organization should prioritize:

• Completing a higher number of tasks regardless of outcome

• Minimizing resource waste while meeting objectives effectively

• Increasing speed even if quality decreases

• Using multitasking to maximize short-term output

Which of the following correctly represents the basic sequence of the production process in business operations?

• Output → Feedback → Input

• Marketing → Output → Input

• Input → Output → Marketing

• Input → Marketing → Output