PSYC2081 Midterm Exam Preparation Quiz

What was the initial purpose of Pavlov's experiments with dogs?

• To test the physiology of conditioned reflexes

• To study the psychological phenomenon of fear

• To observe the effects of diet on behavior

• To measure the intelligence of animals

What phenomenon occurs when a conditioned reflex reappears after being extinguished and presented with a novel cue?

• External inhibition

• Extinction

• Disinhibition

• Spontaneous recovery

Which of the following best describes Skinner's model of conditioning?

• It focused on the physiological responses of dogs

• It involved subjects taking action to obtain rewards

• It was based on the emotional responses of humans

• It used metallic sounds to startle subjects

What is the term for the gradual decline in a conditioned reflex when anticipatory cues are repeatedly detached from the stimulus?

• External inhibition

• Extinction

• Disinhibition

• Spontaneous recovery

What did Skinner define as anything that increases the likelihood of the immediately preceding behavior?

• Reinforcer

• Stimulus

• Response

• Inhibitor

Which type of reinforcement schedule is characterized by post-reinforcement pauses?

• Fixed ratio

• Variable ratio

• Continuous

• Intermittent

What was the first laboratory example of Pavlovian conditioning seen in Watson and Raynor's experiment?

• A dog salivating to a bell

• A rat startled by a metallic sound

• A cat responding to a light

• A bird pecking at a button

What phenomenon refers to the loss of a conditioned reflex when the anticipatory cue is combined with a novel stimulus?

• External inhibition

• Extinction

• Disinhibition

• Habituation

What led to the distinction between conditioned and unconditioned responses in Pavlov's experiments?

• Dogs salivating before eating food

• Rats pressing levers for food

• Birds singing in response to light

• Cats jumping at loud noises

What is "spontaneous recovery" in the context of conditioned reflexes?

• The disappearance of a conditioned reflex over time

• The reappearance of a conditioned reflex after extinction

• The initial learning of a conditioned reflex

• The strengthening of a conditioned reflex through reinforcement