Risk Perception & Communication Quiz

What is the traditional definition of risk in mathematical terms?

• Risk = Reward – Effort

• Risk = Likelihood × Cost

• Risk = Probability × Magnitude

• Risk = Hazard + Time

According to Peter Sandman, how is risk defined?

• Risk = Probability × Cost

• Risk = Hazard + Outrage

• Risk = Perception × Impact

• Risk = Hazard – Control

What does the term “hazard” refer to?

• A statistical estimate

• An emotional response

• A thing with the potential to cause harm

• An inevitable outcome

What is “outrage” in risk perception?

• A mathematical calculation

• Expert disagreement

• Public concern about a risk

• Legal reaction to an incident

Which theory assumes people make decisions based on full information?

• Risk Aversion Theory

• Rational Choice Theory

• Framing Theory

• Prospect Theory

What did Kahneman and Tversky argue about decision-making?

• People always make logical choices

• People use intuition and limited reasoning

• Emotions are irrelevant

• Decision-making improves under pressure

How do people tend to perceive risks they cannot control?

• They ignore them

• They underestimate them

• They become overly concerned

• They always seek expert advice

What is a key finding from Prospect Theory?

• People avoid risk regardless of framing

• People take more risks to avoid losses

• People fear gains more than losses

• Framing does not affect decision-making

What is a heuristic in the context of risk?

• A data model

• A random guess

• A mental shortcut or rule of thumb

• A legal framework

Which cultural concept describes the adaptation to risk over time?

• Risk hedging

• Risk homeostasis

• Risk amplification

• Risk redundancy