Evaluation of the Pronunciation /d/.

The phonological classification of /d/ in English is:

• Voiced alveolar fricative

• Voiced alveolar stop

• Voiced dental affricate

• Voiced post-alveolar approximant

What allophone of /d/ occurs in American English 'water'?

• [d̪] (dental)

• [ɾ] (alveolar tap)

• [ð] (voiced fricative)

• [t] (voiceless stop)

What is the typical VOT for /d/ in English?

• Negative VOT (voicing precedes)

• Zero VOT (simultaneous)

• Positive VOT (voicing follows)

• Variable VOT

In the pair 'bad' vs 'bat', the contrast is:

• Manner of articulation

• Place of articulation

• Voicing

• Aspiration

What consonant cluster with /d/ is possible in English?

• /dl/ (as in 'saddle')

• /dr/ (as in 'dream')

• /dn/ (as in 'sudden')

• /dt/ (as in 'width')

Where is the contrast /d/ vs /t/ neutralized in American English?

• Word-initial position

• Intervocalic position

• Word-final position

• Before consonants

In 'decide' → 'decision', what happens to the /d/?

• It becomes /s/

• It becomes /ʒ/

• It becomes /t/

• It is eliminated

In 'red', the /d/ functions as:

• Onset

• Nucleus

• Coda

• Appendix

What happens to the /d/ in 'red pen'?

• It becomes [b] (bilabial assimilation)

• It becomes [g] (velar assimilation)

• It is completely eliminated

• It remains unchanged

The final devoicing of /d/ is more likely to occur:

• Before vowels

• Before voiced consonants

• Before a pause

• Before liquids