Quiz about Cell Biology Quiz

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nucleolus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Make ribosomes

Answer

Detoxify and make lipids

Answer

Collect and break down material

Answer

Modify and distribute proteins

Question 2

Which type of bacteria requires oxygen to survive?

Accepted Answer

Obligate Aerobe

Answer

Obligate Anaerobe

Answer

Facultative Anaerobe

Answer

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Question 3

What is the role of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Keratin

Answer

Desmin

Question 4

In eukaryotes, where does the electron transport chain occur?

Accepted Answer

In the mitochondria

Answer

In the cytoplasm

Answer

In the cell membrane

Answer

In the nucleus

Question 5

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of cell wall structure?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Gram-positive has a thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Gram-negative has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Gram-negative lacks an outer membrane

Question 6

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Demo and recycling center

Answer

Carry DNA not necessary for survival

Answer

Detoxify and make lipids

Answer

Modify and distribute proteins

Question 7

What is the role of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To decide if the cell should divide

Answer

To replicate DNA

Answer

To make mRNA and proteins

Answer

To separate sister chromatids

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis involves chromosomes meeting in the middle?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 9

What is the main function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Make viscous fluid to clean out urethra

Answer

Store sperm

Answer

Produce testosterone

Answer

Nourish sperm cells

Question 10

What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous pairs move to opposite poles

Answer

Chromosomes condense

Answer

Sister chromatids separate

Answer

Nuclear membrane reforms

Question 11

What is the function of the luteinizing hormone (LH) in females?

Accepted Answer

Induces ovulation

Answer

Stimulates spermatogenesis

Answer

Develops ovarian follicles

Answer

Maintains endometrium

Question 12

What occurs during the fertilization process in the ampulla of the fallopian tube?

Accepted Answer

Sperm's acrosomal enzymes penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida.

Answer

The ovum is expelled from the ovary.

Answer

The embryo implants into the uterine wall.

Answer

The blastocyst forms and fills with fluid.

Question 13

What is the role of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the ovum membrane and makes it impenetrable.

Answer

It helps the sperm to swim faster.

Answer

It provides nutrients to the developing embryo.

Answer

It initiates the division of the zygote.

Question 14

Which layer is responsible for forming the nervous system during gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Answer

Mesoderm

Answer

Endoderm

Answer

Trophoblast

Question 15

What is the primary function of the trophoblast in the blastula stage?

Accepted Answer

To develop into the placenta

Answer

To form the nervous system

Answer

To create the digestive tract

Answer

To become the skeletal system

Question 16

What is the difference between determination and differentiation in cell specialization?

Accepted Answer

Determination is the commitment to a cell type, while differentiation involves transcribing specific genes.

Answer

Determination involves cell division, while differentiation involves cell growth.

Answer

Determination occurs after differentiation.

Answer

Differentiation is the commitment to a cell type, while determination involves transcribing specific genes.

Question 17

What is the function of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in fetal circulation?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher oxygen affinity than adult hemoglobin.

Answer

It has a lower oxygen affinity than adult hemoglobin.

Answer

It transports carbon dioxide more efficiently than oxygen.

Answer

It is identical to adult hemoglobin in function.

Question 18

What is the primary function of afferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Ascend the spinal cord

Answer

Exit the spinal cord

Answer

Between other neurons

Answer

Control solutes moving from bloodstream to nervous tissue

Question 19

Which type of glial cell is responsible for making myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump during the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting state maintenance

Answer

Depolarization

Answer

Repolarization

Answer

Threshold initiation

Question 21

What neurotransmitter is used in the preganglionic fibers of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 22

What is the difference between monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic involves only sensory and motor neurons; polysynaptic involves interneurons

Answer

Monosynaptic involves interneurons; polysynaptic does not

Answer

Monosynaptic involves interneurons and motor neurons; polysynaptic involves only sensory neurons

Answer

Monosynaptic involves only motor neurons; polysynaptic involves sensory neurons

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Cleaved from larger polypeptide

Answer

Made from cholesterol

Answer

Non-polar and can pass through membranes

Answer

Direct action on DNA

Question 24

What is the role of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in hormone signaling?

Accepted Answer

They use extracellular receptors to transmit signals

Answer

They dissolve in the bloodstream

Answer

They act directly on DNA

Answer

They are made in the adrenal cortex

Question 25

Which hormone is directly involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 26

What is the primary difference between direct and tropic hormones?

Accepted Answer

Direct hormones act directly on target tissues

Answer

Direct hormones require an intermediary

Answer

Tropic hormones act directly on target tissues

Answer

Tropic hormones are made from amino acids

Question 27

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by acting on bones, kidneys, and the gut?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 28

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension and prevent lung collapse

Answer

To filter and warm the air

Answer

To produce sound

Answer

To transport oxygen in the blood

Question 29

Which part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Answer

Pharynx

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Question 30

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

It contracts

Answer

It relaxes

Answer

It remains unchanged

Answer

It expands

Question 31

Which of the following is a passive process in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exhalation

Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Diaphragm contraction

Answer

Air rushing in

Question 32

What is the role of the pleurae membranes in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To protect the lungs and reduce friction

Answer

To filter air

Answer

To produce mucus

Answer

To transport oxygen

Question 33

What is the function of the pulmonary veins in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart

Answer

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Answer

Carry oxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 34

Which component of the blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Answer

Leukocytes

Answer

Thrombocytes

Answer

Plasma

Question 35

What is the role of the SA Node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical conduction in the heart

Answer

It acts as a valve between the atria and ventricles

Answer

It pumps blood into the aorta

Answer

It regulates blood pressure

Question 36

Which blood type can donate to all other blood types?

Accepted Answer

O

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

AB

Question 37

What happens during systole in the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction, AV valves close

Answer

Ventricular relaxation, AV valves open

Answer

Atrial contraction, semilunar valves open

Answer

Atrial relaxation, semilunar valves close

Question 38

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Allow diffusion of gases and waste

Answer

Transport blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer

Pump blood through the body

Answer

Store blood for emergencies

Question 39

What is the primary function of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

To offer non-specific defenses against pathogens

Answer

To provide specific responses to pathogens

Answer

To activate B-cells for antibody production

Answer

To produce memory cells for long-term immunity

Question 40

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Answer

T-cells

Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 41

What is the role of memory B-cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To lie in wait for a second exposure to a pathogen

Answer

To produce antibodies immediately upon infection

Answer

To attack and destroy infected cells directly

Answer

To secrete interferon gamma

Question 42

How do cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+) function in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They respond to antigen on MHC-I and kill virally infected cells

Answer

They produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Answer

They secrete cytokines to activate other immune cells

Answer

They present antigens to helper T-cells

Question 43

What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It provides a pathway for mounting immune responses

Answer

It produces antibodies to fight infections

Answer

It transports oxygen to tissues

Answer

It secretes hormones to regulate immune function

Question 44

What is the primary function of intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to make energy

Answer

Breakdown of food in the alimentary canal

Answer

Physical breakdown of large food molecules

Answer

Enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds

Question 45

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

ADH

Answer

Glucagon

Question 46

What is the role of chief cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Secrete pepsinogen

Answer

Produce bicarbonate-rich mucus

Answer

Secrete hydrochloric acid

Answer

Produce intrinsic factor

Question 47

Which part of the digestive system is primarily involved in absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Esophagus

Question 48

What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorb water-soluble nutrients

Answer

Secrete digestive enzymes

Answer

Produce bile

Answer

Store vitamins

Question 49

Which enzyme in the duodenum breaks down maltose into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharidases

Answer

Aminopeptidase

Answer

Enteropeptidase

Answer

Secretin

Question 50

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Produces pancreatic juices containing enzymes

Answer

Stores and concentrates bile

Answer

Synthesizes bile and albumin

Answer

Absorbs water and salts

Question 51

What is the pH environment of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Acidic (pH = 2)

Answer

Neutral (pH = 7)

Answer

Basic (pH = 8.5)

Answer

Slightly acidic (pH = 5)

Question 52

What is the role of the epiglottis in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Prevents food from entering the larynx

Answer

Connects the mouth to the esophagus

Answer

Propels food to the stomach

Answer

Secretes digestive enzymes

Question 53

Which vitamin is absorbed in the small intestine via lacteal?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 54

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

To filter blood and form urine

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To store urine

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 55

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the bulk reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and water?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 56

How does aldosterone affect the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption

Answer

Increases water reabsorption

Answer

Decreases sodium reabsorption

Answer

Decreases potassium secretion

Question 57

What is the role of ADH in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Increases permeability of the collecting duct to water

Answer

Decreases blood osmolarity

Answer

Decreases urine concentration

Answer

Increases sodium excretion

Question 58

Which layer of the skin contains stem cells that develop into keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Answer

Stratum corneum

Answer

Stratum spinosum

Answer

Stratum luciderm

Question 59

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control and is responsible for movement and body posture?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal Muscle

Answer

Smooth Muscle

Answer

Cardiac Muscle

Answer

Myocardial Muscle

Question 60

What is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Sarcolemma

Answer

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 61

Which type of muscle fiber is known for slow twitch and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Red Fibers

Answer

White Fibers

Answer

Cardiac Fibers

Answer

Smooth Fibers

Question 62

What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They regulate actin-myosin interactions.

Answer

They bind to calcium ions to initiate contraction.

Answer

They provide energy for muscle contraction.

Answer

They form the structure of the sarcomere.

Question 63

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions.

Answer

It provides structural support.

Answer

It generates ATP for muscle contraction.

Answer

It connects muscle fibers to bones.

Question 64

Which part of the sarcomere contains both actin and myosin and maintains a constant size during contraction?

Accepted Answer

A-band

Answer

I-band

Answer

H-zone

Answer

Z-line

Cell Biology Quiz

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