Exploring Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

What are the main components of DNA structure?

• Proteins, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, U)

• Nucleotides, phosphate group, ribose sugar, nitrogenous bases (A, U, C, G)

• Amino acids, ribose sugar, nitrogenous bases (A, U, C, G)

• Nucleotides, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?

• RNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

• RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.

• RNA is single-stranded and contains glucose sugar.

• RNA uses thymine instead of uracil and is double-stranded.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA is responsible for DNA replication.

• mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis by conveying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

• mRNA transports amino acids to the nucleus.

• mRNA acts as a catalyst in metabolic reactions.

Describe the process of mRNA synthesis from DNA.

• DNA is replicated into mRNA without any enzymes involved.

• mRNA is synthesized directly from proteins by ribosomes.

• mRNA synthesis is the process of transcribing DNA into messenger RNA by RNA polymerase.

• mRNA synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm without any DNA template.

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

• tRNA acts as a catalyst for DNA replication.

• tRNA synthesizes proteins directly in the nucleus.

• tRNA binds to mRNA to initiate transcription.

• tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

How does rRNA contribute to ribosome function?

• rRNA is only involved in DNA replication.

• rRNA is essential for ribosome structure and function, enabling protein synthesis by catalyzing peptide bonds and aligning mRNA and tRNA.

• rRNA is responsible for the transport of proteins to the nucleus.

• rRNA serves as a storage molecule for amino acids.

Explain the steps involved in DNA replication.

• DNA replication occurs only during cell division.

• DNA replication is a process that only happens in prokaryotic cells.

• DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.

• DNA replication involves the destruction of the original DNA strand.

What enzymes are involved in the DNA replication process?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA exonuclease

• DNA methylase

• DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, DNA ligase

How do ribosomes facilitate the translation of mRNA?

• Ribosomes convert DNA into mRNA for protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes break down proteins into amino acids during translation.

• Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins by reading codons and linking amino acids.

• Ribosomes store amino acids for later use in the cell.

What are the differences between the three types of RNA?

• mRNA carries genetic information, tRNA transports amino acids, and rRNA forms ribosomes.

• rRNA is involved in cell division

• mRNA synthesizes proteins directly

• tRNA carries DNA sequences