Unraveling the Code of Life: Protein Synthesis and Mutations

What is the first step of protein synthesis where the DNA code is transcribed into mRNA?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mutation

Which of the following mutations does not result in a change of the amino acid sequence of a protein?

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

During translation, which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• snRNA

What is the process called when an mRNA molecule is read by a ribosome to synthesize a protein?

• Transcription

• Replication

• Translation

• Reverse transcription

Which of the following components is not directly involved in the process of translation?

• Ribosome

• DNA polymerase

• tRNA

• mRNA

A point mutation that results in the replacement of a single nucleotide is known as:

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Missense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that does not affect the amino acid sequence

• A mutation that changes one amino acid for another

• A mutation that introduces a premature stop codon

• A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame

What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?

• It adds a poly-A tail to the mRNA.

• It signals the termination of mRNA synthesis.

• It is the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

• It removes introns from the pre-mRNA.

Which of the following is a type of RNA processing that occurs in eukaryotes?

• Addition of a 5' cap

• Removal of exons

• Polymerization of nucleotides

• Linking of amino acids

What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation within a gene?

• It changes an amino acid to a different amino acid.

• It has no effect on the amino acid sequence.

• It introduces a premature stop codon, potentially truncating the protein.

• It extends the length of the protein by adding extra amino acids.