Module 7: Learning Outcomes

Cells make new cells through a process called cell division to allow growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.

• Cells make new cells through a process called cell division to allow growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.

• Cells make new cells by absorbing nutrients from their environment only.

• Cells make new cells by shrinking and splitting randomly without purpose.

• Cells make new cells only when exposed to sunlight.

Each stage of mitosis involves specific events. Which of the following correctly describes what occurs in each stage of mitosis?

• Prophase: Chromosomes condense; Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center; Anaphase: Chromatids separate; Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform.

• Prophase: Chromosomes split; Metaphase: Chromosomes disappear; Anaphase: Cells fuse; Telophase: DNA dissolves.

• Prophase: Chromosomes dissolve; Metaphase: Chromosomes condense; Anaphase: Chromosomes align; Telophase: Chromatids separate.

• Prophase: Chromatids separate; Metaphase: Nuclear membrane reforms; Anaphase: Chromosomes condense; Telophase: Chromosomes align.

When mitosis is not regulated, what can happen?

• Uncontrolled cell growth can occur

• Cells will stop dividing completely

• Cells will become larger than normal

• DNA replication will not occur

The functions/purpose of sexual reproduction include:

• Introducing genetic variation in offspring.

• Producing identical offspring to the parent.

• Ensuring offspring are clones of each other.

• Preventing any genetic changes in a population.

A gene is passed from parent to offspring through which process, and what are homologous chromosomes?

• Genes are passed through reproduction, and homologous chromosomes are pairs with the same genes but possibly different alleles.

• Genes are passed through photosynthesis, and homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other.

• Genes are passed through digestion, and homologous chromosomes are unrelated chromosomes.

• Genes are passed through respiration, and homologous chromosomes are chromosomes from different species.

Diploid and haploid cells are different from one another in that:

• Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.

• Diploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while haploid cells have two sets.

• Both diploid and haploid cells have the same number of chromosomes.

• Haploid cells are only found in animals, while diploid cells are only found in plants.

Each stage of meiosis involves specific events. Which of the following correctly describes what occurs in each stage of meiosis?

• Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.

• Sister chromatids separate in meiosis I, and homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis II.

• DNA replicates during meiosis II, and chromosomes pair up during meiosis I.

• Chromosomes do not separate at any stage of meiosis.

Independent assortment and crossing over are processes that occur during meiosis. Which statement best describes what happens in these processes?

• Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material and chromosomes are randomly distributed to gametes.

• Chromosomes duplicate and cells divide without genetic variation.

• Sister chromatids are pulled apart and identical cells are produced.

• DNA is replicated and mutations are corrected.

What are the functions of cell division in multicellular organisms?

• Growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues

• Reproduction only

• Photosynthesis

• Respiration

Single-celled organisms use cell division to _______.

• reproduce

• move

• breathe

• eat