Name the volume of air that is moved in (or out) during a single quiet respiratory cycle.

• Inspiratory reserve volume

• Tidal volume

• Expiratory reserve volume

• Vital capacity

Which of the following has an effect on the pH of blood?

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Phosphate

• Carbon dioxide

Describe the process of ventilation.

• Delivery of carbon dioxide to cells

• Delivery of oxygen to cells

• Movement of air into and out of lungs

• Forcible movement of oxygen molecules into the bloodstream

What is included in the process of external respiration?

• Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells

• Gas exchange between the lungs and the air

• Gas exchange between the alveoli and blood

• Transport of gases via the blood

What is a pneumothorax?

• Loss of alveolar walls

• Abnormal constriction of the upper airways

• Infection within the lung

• Air within the pleural space

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

• 70% transported as bicarbonate ions; 23% bound to hemoglobin; 7% dissolved in plasma

• 95% transported as ; 3% bound to hemoglobin; 2% dissolved in plasma

• 98% bound to hemoglobin; 2% transported as

• 50% transported as ; 25% bound to hemoglobin; 25% dissolved in plasma

Which of the following occur with emphysema?

• Additional respiratory membranes form within alveoli, increasing surface area for gas exchange.

• Cells in the bronchial lining divide too fast, causing increased thickness of the bronchial lining.

• The walls of the alveoli degenerate, decreasing the surface area for gas exchange.

• Fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces, resulting in a increased thickness of the respiratory membrane.

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?

• In the medulla oblongata and pons

• In the right and left atria

• In the aortic arch and carotid arteries

• In the right and left jugular veins

The nasal cavity is lined with__________ epithelium.

• pseudostratified ciliated

• simple columnar

• stratified squamous

• stratified columnar

Differentiate between type I and type II cells of the lungs.

• The type I cells produce cartilage for larger airways and the type II cells give rise to the ciliated cells lining the trachea.

• The type I cells form alveolar walls and the type II cells secrete surfactant.

• Both type I and type II cells produce surfactant.

• The type I cells secrete surfactant and the type II cells will give rise to bronchiolar smooth muscle cells.