Principles of Assessment

A test can be reliable but still not valid.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

A test might consistently measure something—but not the right thing.

Authenticity means that a test item reflects real-world language use.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Authenticity focuses on how closely a task mirrors real-life communication, like writing emails or having conversations.

Washback refers only to how students feel about the test after they take it.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Washback includes how a test influences teaching, learning, and preparation—not just feelings.

Which of the following best describes content validity?

• The test is fun and easy to take

• The test has tasks that reflect what was taught

• The test has a long list of vocabulary

• The test uses authentic materials

Answer explanation

Content validity means the test aligns with what students were actually taught in class. It's about coverage, not task format or difficulty.

What principle is at risk if two teachers score the same essay very differently?

• Validity

• Authenticity

• Reliability

• Washback

Answer explanation

When scores vary across raters, that means the test lacks reliability. To ensure reliability, scoring rubrics and training are key.

Which of the following would best promote positive washback?

• A test that gives no feedback

• A test based on surprise topics

• A test that mirrors classroom tasks and includes feedback

• A very difficult grammar-only test

Answer explanation

Positive washback happens when assessments reinforce good teaching and learning. Feedback and alignment with classroom content support learning, while surprise or overly difficult tasks usually do not.