CKDs

1. What is the KDIGO definition of CKD?

• GFR >90 mL/min for 1 month

• GFR <60 mL/min for 3 or more months

• Albuminuria with GFR >120 mL/min

• Kidney failure with GFR >60 mL/min

2. Which are the two most common causes of CKD?

• Obesity and HIV

• Smoking and Glomerulonephritis

• Diabetes and Hypertension

• Recurrent UTIs and Lupus

What hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates RBC production?

• Renin

• Angiotensin

• Erythropoietin

• Aldosterone

Which of the following is a common symptom in late-stage CKD?

• Blurred vision

• Fatigue and swelling

• Weight gain

• Muscle hypertrophy

What does the RAAS system help regulate?

• Blood glucose

• Blood calcium

• Blood pressure and fluid balance

• Immune function

What is the role of ACE in the RAAS pathway?

• Breaks down aldosterone

• Breaks down aldosterone

• Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

• Blocks renin secretion

7. What is the recommended protein intake for a Stage 4 CKD patient?

• 2.0 g/kg/day

• 1.5 g/kg/day

• 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day

• No restriction needed

8. Which genetic disorder causes kidney cysts and may lead to CKD?

• Nephrotic syndrome

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

• Lupus nephritis

• Cystic fibrosis

9. Which of the following are diagnostic tests for CKD? (Select the most correct answer)

• Urine glucose and CT scan

• Liver enzymes and blood sugar

• Serum creatinine and eGFR

• ECG and endoscopy

10. Which of the following are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for CKD?

• Smoking and sun exposure

• Diabetes (modifiable) and age >60 (non-modifiable)

• Genetics and smoking (both non-modifiable)

• Obesity (non-modifiable) and gender (modifiable)