QUIZ NO. 3 (PRECIS-ABSTRACT-SUMMARY)

A __________ is a type of critical condensation that maintains the logical order, tone, and essential arguments of the original passage in the writer’s own words

A__________ is a brief restatement of the main points of a text, often used to show general understanding without specific details.

An __________ is a concise overview of a research study that typically includes the background, methods, results, and conclusions.

How does a precis differ from a summary in terms of depth and purpose?

• A precis omits supporting details, while a summary expands on them.

• A summary simplifies the text, while a precis mirrors the original logic and tone.

• A summary includes the writer's opinion, while a precis remains neutral.

• A precis is longer than the original, while a summary is shorter.

What is the most defining feature of a well-written precis?

• It presents the writer’s critique of the source text

• It copies important parts of the original word-for-word.

• It explains how the reader feels about the author’s work

• It compresses the essential ideas using the writer’s own words and maintains the original tone.

Which of the following is most appropriate in a research abstract?

• Quoting participants directly to highlight results clearly.

• Presenting personal insights to support the argument well.

• Listing citations to provide background evidence quickly.

• Stating the purpose, method, results, and conclusion briefly.

What should a well-written abstract avoid in its composition?

• Explaining why the topic is interesting to the researcher.

• Describing key terms and background clearly and briefly.

• Summarizing the conclusion drawn from the findings.

• Including methodology details that support the objective.

What is the main purpose of writing a summary in academic contexts?

• To present a detailed version of the original author's opinion.

• To provide a shortened version of a text’s key information.

• To retell the full story using new characters and dialogue.

• To highlight emotional reactions and reflective thoughts.

Original Text

Littering along public roads has become a common issue in urban and rural areas alike. Discarded plastic wrappers, bottles, and leftover food often clog drainage systems, especially during heavy rains, leading to floods. Beyond flooding, litter contributes to the spread of diseases and harms the environment. Promoting proper waste disposal and discipline among citizens is essential to address this growing concern.

Question:

Which of the following best summarizes the paragraph above?

• People throw litter like bottles and wrappers, especially in the city, which is why the government should implement new programs.

• Floods happen because of people throwing garbage in canals, especially during rainy seasons

• Roadside litter causes flooding and health risks; therefore, proper waste disposal and public discipline are necessary

• The environment is harmed because people throw waste anywhere, and they should be punished for it.

Original Text (from a research article by Akasaka et al., 2018 on rainfall seasonality in the Philippines):

“The climate of the Philippines is characterized by a large volume and seasonality of rainfall … influenced mainly by the Asian monsoon, tropical cyclones, and the orographic effect. Cayanan et al. (2011) argued that heavy rainfall in western Luzon is induced by both the location and the track of the tropical cyclones during June–September and the orographic effect. Kubota and Wang (2009) estimated that the tropical‑cyclone‑induced rainfall ratio from July to October exceeds 50 % in northern Luzon.”

Which of the following is the best precis of the paragraph above?

• Rainfall in the Philippines is seasonal and comes mainly from monsoons and tropical cyclones; terrain also plays a role. In northern Luzon, cyclones bring more than 50 % of the rainfall in the late rainy season.

• Philippine rainfall shows strong seasonality and is driven by monsoon winds, typhoon tracks, and terrain effects—tropical cyclones contribute over half of the rain in northern Luzon during July–October.

• Akasaka et al. (2018) reviewed earlier studies and concluded that monsoon and orographic factors dominate rainfall patterns, but suggested further research on tropical cyclones’ contributions.

• The country’s climate brings heavy rains in June to September through monsoons, orography, and cyclones, with over 50 % of the late-season rainfall in northern Luzon attributed to tropical cyclones, as shown by Kubota and Wang (2009).