Cardiogenic Shock Quiz

What is the most common initial etiology of severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in cardiogenic shock?

• Myocardial infarction (MI)

• Pulmonary embolism

• Aortic dissection

• Sepsis

Which of the following is NOT typically a clinical feature of cardiogenic shock?

• Elevated arterial pressure

• Persistent hypotension

• Elevated arterial lactate

• Features of peripheral hypoperfusion

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock?

• A state of low cardiac output resulting in tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia

• A state of high cardiac output with increased tissue perfusion

• A state of normal cardiac output with increased oxygen delivery

• A state of low cardiac output with increased blood pressure

Which intervention is NOT directly listed as a potential treatment target in the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock?

• Antibiotic therapy

• Ventilation

• Fluids/inotropes/vasopressors

• Mechanical support device

What is the final outcome if progressive left ventricular dysfunction and ischemia are not reversed in cardiogenic shock, according to the diagram?

• Death

• Recovery

• Arrhythmia

• Hypertension

Which of the following is a common cause of cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction?

• Severe mitral regurgitation

• Pulmonary embolism

• Aortic stenosis

• Pericarditis

Which of the following statements about the incidence of cardiogenic shock after acute MI is correct?

• It has decreased to 5–10% due to increased use of early mechanical reperfusion therapy.

• It has increased to 20–30% due to lack of treatment.

• It remains unchanged at 50%.

• It is more common with non-STEMI than STEMI.

Which stage of cardiogenic shock is characterized by patients being "at risk" for cardiogenic shock development but not currently experiencing signs or symptoms?

• Stage A

• Stage B

• Stage C

• Stage D

What is the primary clinical finding in most patients with cardiogenic shock?

• Dyspnea, pale, apprehensive, and diaphoretic

• High fever and rash

• Severe abdominal pain

• Persistent cough

Which laboratory finding is typically elevated in patients with cardiogenic shock?

• White blood cell count and C-reactive protein

• Serum calcium

• Hemoglobin

• Platelet count