Which of the following best describes critical thinking?

• Memorizing facts

• Accepting all opinions

• Evaluating evidence before forming a judgment

• Reacting emotionally

A student concludes that exercise is unnecessary because her grandfather lived to 95 without exercising. What kind of reasoning is this?

• Causal reasoning

• Anecdotal fallacy

• Deductive reasoning

• Statistical analysis

What is the main purpose of an argument in critical thinking?

• To win a debate

• To confuse others

• To present a reasoned conclusion

• To attack others

Identify the assumption in this statement: "Only rich people drive expensive cars, so that person must be rich."

• Expensive cars are not available to others

• The person borrowed the car

• Owning a car makes someone rich

• Only the rich buy expensive cars

Which of these is an example of a logical fallacy?

• "We must consider both sides before making a decision."

• "He's wrong because he's ugly."

• "We've reviewed all the data."

• "Let's agree on a middle ground."

What type of reasoning is used when you move from specific observations to broader generalizations?

• Deductive reasoning

• Lateral thinking

• Inductive reasoning

• Abstract reasoning

If A is taller than B, and B is taller than C, who is the shortest?

• A

• B

• C

• Cannot say

If all cats are mammals and some mammals are dogs, which of the following must be true?

• All dogs are cats

• Some cats are dogs

• No cats are dogs

• None of the above

What is the best way to evaluate a claim?

• Check its popularity

• Analyze who said it

• Examine supporting evidence

• Trust your instincts

A manager says: "We've always done it this way, so we shouldn't change." What fallacy is this?

• Straw man

• Appeal to tradition

• Slippery slope

• Red herring