Mod 5,6,8,7.1.1

Propagation

• The process of making multiple copies of recombinant DNA in a replicating bacteria.

• The method of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell.

• The technique used to isolate specific DNA sequences.

• The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Somatic cell

• A cell that is not a gamete (it is diploid instead of haploid).

• A type of cell that undergoes meiosis to form gametes.

• A cell that is haploid and involved in sexual reproduction.

• A cell that is exclusively found in plants.

Reading frame

• The specific way a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is read.

• A method for sequencing DNA fragments.

• A technique for amplifying RNA sequences.

• A framework for analyzing protein structures.

Parent cell

• A cell that is dividing for cell division.

• A cell that has completed division.

• A cell that is in the resting phase.

• A cell that is undergoing apoptosis.

Follicular phase

• Occurs when the ovaries prepare an egg for ovulation while the uterine lining thickens, driven by rising oestrogen levels.

• Is the phase when the corpus luteum forms after ovulation.

• Is characterized by a decrease in oestrogen and progesterone levels.

• Occurs during menstruation when the uterine lining sheds.

LH (Luteinising hormone)

• Stimulates testosterone production from the testes in males, and triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, in females.

• Inhibits the production of estrogen in females.

• Stimulates the production of insulin in the pancreas.

• Regulates the sleep-wake cycle in humans.

Crossing over

• Exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

• A process where sister chromatids separate during cell division.

• The formation of new chromosomes during meiosis.

• The replication of DNA before cell division.

Daughter cell

• The cells that are formed after cell division.

• Cells that are produced during meiosis only.

• Cells that are identical to the parent cell.

• Cells that undergo apoptosis.

Cloning

• The production of new individuals that contain the same genetic information as its parent.

• The process of creating a genetically diverse population.

• The method of altering an organism's DNA to enhance traits.

• The technique of breeding organisms to produce hybrids.

Menstrual phase

• The shedding of the uterine lining when fertilisation does not occur.

• The thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

• The release of an egg from the ovary.

• The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.