BIO-1407 Lecture 9 & 10

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a type of asexual reproduction in animals?

• Cross-fertilization
• Parthenogenesis
• Fragmentation
• Fission

Answer explanation

Cross-fertilization is a sexual reproduction mechanism, while the others are asexual. (Lecture 9, Slide: Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction)

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Parthenogenesis is best described as:

• Formation of offspring from the fusion of two gametes
• Breaking of the body into pieces, each developing into an adult
• Development of a new individual from an unfertilized egg
• Formation of new individuals from outgrowths of existing ones

Answer explanation

Parthenogenesis involves development from an unfertilized egg. (Lecture 9, Asexual reproduction types)

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

• Rapid population increase
• Reduced genetic variation
• Low energy expenditure
• Requirement for two parents

Answer explanation

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, limiting adaptation. (Lecture 9, Advantages/Disadvantages)

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Imagine a population of animals in a rapidly changing environment. Which mode of reproduction would likely provide the best chance for long-term survival, and why?

• Sexual, because it increases genetic diversity
• Asexual, because it requires less energy
• Parthenogenesis, because it does not require fertilization
• Asexual, because it is faster

Answer explanation

Sexual reproduction increases diversity, aiding adaptation. (Lecture 9, Evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction)

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is the main trigger for ovulation in most animals?

• Sudden decrease in estrogen
• Hormonal signals
• Environmental temperature
• Presence of predators

Answer explanation

Hormones regulate ovulation. (Lecture 9, Reproductive cycles)

If an animal alternates between asexual and sexual reproduction depending on environmental conditions, which of the following is the likely advantage?

• Reducing parental care
• Only producing females
• Ensuring only identical offspring
• Maximizing reproductive speed in stable times and increasing diversity when needed

Answer explanation

This mixed strategy combines the benefits of both modes. (Lecture 9, Reproductive cycles/patterns)

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

In which type of fertilization are gametes typically released into water?

• Self-fertilization
• Internal
• External
• Hermaphroditism

Answer explanation

External fertilization happens in aquatic environments. (Lecture 9, Fertilization mechanisms)

Why do species with internal fertilization typically produce fewer gametes than those with external fertilization?

• Gametes are smaller
• There is greater protection and higher chance of fertilization
• Offspring are identical to parents
• Internal fertilization is less energy-intensive

Answer explanation

Internal fertilization increases survival of gametes, so fewer are needed. (Lecture 9, Internal vs. External Fertilization)

Which strategy is most associated with higher offspring survival in species with internal fertilization?

• Producing many offspring and no parental care
• Producing fewer offspring and providing more parental care
• Producing only female offspring
• Undergoing budding

Answer explanation

More parental care increases offspring survival. (Lecture 9, Ensuring offspring survival)

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which structure in the male reproductive system produces sperm?

• Seminal vesicle
• Prostate gland
• Testes
• Epididymis

Answer explanation

The testes produce sperm. (Lecture 9, Male reproductive system)