Kidney and Diabetes Quiz

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

• To produce insulin

• To regulate blood pressure

• To clean the blood

• To produce digestive enzymes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

• Eliminate waste

• Store glucose

• Regulate blood volume

• Regulate blood pH

How many nephrons are approximately found in each kidney?

• 500,000

• 1 million

• 10 million

• 100,000

What does the glomerulus do in the nephron?

• Filters small solutes from blood

• Reabsorbs sodium and chloride

• Reabsorbs water into the interstitial fluid

• Secretes ions to maintain pH

Where does most of the reabsorption of water, sodium, and nutrients occur?

• Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Collecting Duct

• Distal Tubule

• Ascending Loop of Henle

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs Na⁺ and Cl⁻ into the interstitial fluid?

• Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Ascending Loop of Henle

• Descending Loop of Henle

• Distal Tubule

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the final concentration of urine?

• Glomerulus

• Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Collecting Duct

• Descending Loop of Henle

Where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

• Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Distal Tubule

• Ascending Loop of Henle

• Collecting Duct

What is the role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2)?

• To secrete glucose into the urine

• To reabsorb glucose from the filtrate into the blood

• To maintain water balance

• To filter waste from the blood

What happens when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in diabetic patients?

• Increase glucose absorption

• Reduce glucose reabsorption, leading to more glucose excretion in urine

• Increase insulin production

• Reduce the need for insulin therapy