Exploring Biomolecules and Their Functions

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

• Storing genetic information

• Providing energy

• Catalyzing chemical reactions

• Forming cell membranes

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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What is the basic building block (monomer) of proteins?

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Monosaccharide

• Fatty acid

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Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

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Which of the following best describes the structure of a carbohydrate?

• Long chains of amino acids

• Chains of nucleotides

• Rings or chains of simple sugars

• Glycerol and fatty acids

Which type of biomolecule is most important for forming biological membranes?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Compare the roles of DNA and RNA in cells.

• Both store energy for the cell.

• DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps in protein synthesis.

• Both are enzymes that speed up reactions.

• DNA and RNA both form cell membranes.

Which statement best explains how the structure of carbohydrates relates to their function?

• Their ring structure allows them to store genetic information.

• Their simple sugar units make them easy to break down for quick energy.

• Their long chains make them ideal for forming cell membranes.

• Their amino acid composition allows them to catalyze reactions.

How do proteins differ from nucleic acids in their primary function within the cell?

• Proteins store genetic information, while nucleic acids catalyze reactions.

• Proteins provide structural support and catalyze reactions, while nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

• Both are used for energy storage.

• Both form cell membranes.

A scientist discovers a new molecule in a cell that is made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What is the most likely function of this molecule?

• Energy storage

• Genetic information storage or transfer

• Structural support

• Catalyzing chemical reactions

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Given a model showing a chain of glucose molecules, predict what would happen if an enzyme that breaks down this chain is missing in an organism.

• The organism would be unable to store genetic information.

• The organism would have difficulty obtaining quick energy from carbohydrates.

• The organism would not be able to form cell membranes.

• The organism would not be able to synthesize proteins.

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