Grand Rounds Review Summer 2025

A 7-year-old patient presents with blurry vision in the left eye. Cycloplegic refraction reveals OD: +1.00 sph OS: +4.50 sph. BCVA is OD 20/20 and OS 20/40. Worth 4-dot testing shows 2 dots. What explains the patient’s binocular status?

• Central suppression of the right eye at near

• Central suppression of the right eye at near

• Foveal suppression of the left eye

• Normal binocular fusion with reduced stereoacuity

Which of the following would increase retinal image size? 

• Decreasing axial length 

• Increasing axial length 

• Placing a high-minus lens at the spectacle plane 

• Using a contact lens rather than a spectacle lens

Knapp’s Law predicts that retinal image sizes will be equalized in axial anisometropia when corrective lenses are placed: 

• Contact lenses are place directly on the cornea 

• Spectacle lenses with a 10 mm vertex distance 

• Spectacle lenses with the smallest possible vertex distance 

• Spectacle lenses with a 15-17 mm vertex distance

Your 60-year-old patient is diagnosed with an acute PVD without any associated retinal breaks. What is the most appropriate next step in management? 

• Vitrectomy 

• Prescribe topical corticosteroids 

• Follow up in 4-6 weeks for a dilated fundus exam 

• Urgent referral to retinal specialist 

Which of the following is a likely complication of a PVD?

• Macular edema

• Retinal tear or detachment

• Uveitis

• Branch retinal vein occlusion

Which of the following sites is the strongest attachment of the vitreous and is most likely to remain attached even after a complete PVD? 

• Optic nerve head

• Posterior lens capsule

• Vitreous base

Which of the following is NOT a likely risk factor for early onset PVD? 

• Hyperopia 

• Myopia 

• Trauma 

• Inflammation 

Hallmark sign of Dry AMD?

• Drusen

• Choroidal Nevi

• Microaneurysm

• Tortuous vessels

Which of the following is found in AMD?

• Intraretinal fluid

• Iris Neovascularization

• Optic nerve hypoplasia

• Subretinal fluid

Which of the following is NOT a complication of AMD? Select 2 that apply:

• Posterior Subcapsular Cataract

• Macular edema

• Myopic Shift

• Loss of central vision