Active and passive immunity

What is active immunity?

• Active immunity occurs when an individual’s adaptive immune system responds to an antigen, producing not only specific antibodies but also memory B and T cells. The individual gains immunological memory, which can last a lifetime.

• Active immunity is when antibodies are directly injected into the body, providing immediate but short-term protection.

• Active immunity is a temporary response that does not involve the production of memory cells or antibodies by the body.

• Active immunity is the process by which the body loses its ability to recognize antigens, leading to immune deficiency.

What is passive immunity?

• Passive immunity is short-term immunity resulting from a person receiving antibodies from another person or animal; no memory is established.

• Passive immunity is long-term immunity developed after vaccination; memory cells are produced.

• Passive immunity is the body's ability to produce its own antibodies after exposure to a pathogen.

• Passive immunity is immunity that results from the body fighting off an infection naturally.

What is herd immunity?

• Herd immunity is when a large proportion of the population is immune to a disease, making the spread of the disease unlikely.

• Herd immunity is when a disease affects only animals and not humans.

• Herd immunity is when everyone in a population gets sick at the same time.

• Herd immunity is when a disease can only be treated with antibiotics.

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive immunity?

• Active immunity provides long-term memory, passive immunity does not

• Passive immunity provides long-term memory, active immunity does not

• Both provide long-term memory

• Neither provide long-term memory

Passive immunity results in the establishment of memory B and T cells.

• True

• False

Fill in the blank: Vaccination is an example of _______ immunity.

• active

• passive

• innate

• natural

What is the role of vaccination programs in maintaining herd immunity?

• Vaccination programs help maintain herd immunity by ensuring a large proportion of the population is immune to a specific disease, reducing its spread.

• Vaccination programs are only for individual protection and do not affect herd immunity.

• Vaccination programs increase the risk of disease spread in the population.

• Vaccination programs are not necessary if a disease is rare.

Which of the following best describes natural active immunity?

• Immunity acquired through vaccination

• Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another organism

• Immunity acquired by transfer of antibodies from mother to baby

Fill in the blank: Artificial passive immunity is created when an individual receives ________ made by another organism. This is useful against things such as bites and stings that could cause death before an individual's own adaptive immune response could act.

• antibodies

• hormones

• enzymes

• red blood cells

Which type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby through the placenta or breastfeeding?

• Natural active immunity

• Artificial active immunity

• Natural passive immunity

• Artificial passive immunity