Chapter 18 Study Guide

According to the Blood Pressure Classification table, what is the systolic and diastolic range for Hypertension Stage 1?

• Less than 120 and less than 80

• 120–129 and less than 90

• 130–139 or 80–89

• Higher than 180 and/or higher than 120

Answer explanation

Hypertension Stage 1 is defined by a systolic range of 130–139 mmHg or a diastolic range of 80–89 mmHg. This classification helps identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular issues.

Fill in the blank: The treatment for Elevated blood pressure includes nonpharmacologic interventions such as modifying diet, increasing exercise, losing weight, and _________?

• stop smoking

• increase salt intake

• reduce water consumption

• skip breakfast

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'stop smoking' as quitting smoking is a crucial nonpharmacologic intervention for managing elevated blood pressure, while the other options are not beneficial.

Which classification requires identification of etiology for correct treatment according to the Blood Pressure Classification table?

• Normal BP

• Hypertensive emergency

• Hypertension Stage 1

• Hypertension Stage 2

Answer explanation

Hypertensive emergency requires identification of etiology for correct treatment, as it involves severe hypertension with acute end-organ damage, necessitating immediate and specific interventions.

What is the primary cause of Primary Hypertension?

• No identifiable cause; related to genetics and environment.

• High salt intake only.

• Chronic kidney disease.

• Excessive alcohol consumption.

Answer explanation

Primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, but it is influenced by genetic factors and environmental elements such as lifestyle and diet. Other options like high salt intake, kidney disease, and alcohol are not primary causes.

Secondary Hypertension is caused by which of the following?

• Genetics and environment

• Conditions (renal, endocrine, vascular) or substances (NSAIDs, MAOIs, hormones, nicotine)

• High sodium diet

• Family history

Answer explanation

Secondary Hypertension is primarily caused by underlying conditions such as renal, endocrine, and vascular issues, as well as certain substances like NSAIDs and hormones, making this the correct choice.

Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for hypertension?

• Obesity

• Diet

• Age

• Smoking

Answer explanation

Age is a nonmodifiable risk factor for hypertension, as it cannot be changed. In contrast, obesity, diet, and smoking are modifiable risk factors that can be altered to reduce hypertension risk.

Non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest incidence of hypertension.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Studies show that Non-Hispanic Blacks have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial and ethnic groups, making this statement accurate.

Fill in the blank: BP = ________ × Systemic Vascular Resistance.

• Cardiac Output

• Stroke Volume

• Heart Rate

• Blood Volume

Answer explanation

Blood Pressure (BP) is determined by Cardiac Output (CO) multiplied by Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR). Therefore, the correct answer is Cardiac Output, as it directly influences BP along with resistance.

Which system's overactivity contributes to increased blood pressure in hypertension?

• Digestive system

• Sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system

• Respiratory system

• Muscular system

Answer explanation

The sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system regulate blood pressure. Their overactivity leads to vasoconstriction and increased blood volume, contributing to hypertension.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following is an early clinical manifestation of hypertension?

• Headache

• Often asymptomatic ("silent killer")

• Chest pain

• Blurred vision

Answer explanation

Hypertension is often asymptomatic, earning it the nickname "silent killer." While headaches, chest pain, and blurred vision can occur, they are not early signs of hypertension. Thus, the correct answer is that it is often asymptomatic.