IChemLO1.3_Fuel Oil

What are the two primary functions of fuel oil on a modern merchant vessel?

• Propulsion and lubrication

• Power generation and ballast management

• Propulsion and power generation

• Cooling the main engine and heating accommodations

In the fractional distillation process, where are the components that constitute Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) primarily collected?

• From the cooler, upper trays of the fractionating column.

• From the mid-level trays where medium-weight hydrocarbons condense.

• From the residue at the very bottom of the column.

• After a secondary cracking process applied to the top fractions.

The fundamental principle that allows fractional distillation to separate crude oil into different products is based on the differences in their:

• Molecular density

• Boiling points

• Sulphur content

• Carbon aromaticity

What is the most accurate description of the purpose of the ISO 8217 standard?

• It is a global regulation that primarily sets the price for different grades of marine fuel.

• It is an international quality standard that sets limits for fuel properties to ensure safety, protect engines, and create a fair global market.

• It is a guideline used exclusively for the onboard testing of fuel compatibility before co-mingling.

• It is a MARPOL regulation focused solely on limiting the sulphur content of fuels to reduce air pollution.

According to the fuel grade designations, what is the primary difference between RMG 380 and RMK 700?

• RMK 700 has a lower sulphur content than RMG 380.

• RMG 380 is a distillate fuel, while RMK 700 is a residual fuel.

• RMK 700 has a higher viscosity than RMG 380.

• RMG 380 has a higher concentration of catalytic fines.

Which distillate marine fuel grade is commonly referred to as Low-Sulfur Marine Gas Oil (LSMGO) and is suitable for most marine engines in sensitive areas?

• DMX

• DMA

• DMB

• DMZ

Under the MARPOL Annex VI "IMO 2020" regulation, what is the maximum permissible sulphur content for fuel used by ships operating in global waters (outside of ECAs)?

• 3.50% m/m

• 1.00% m/m

• 0.50% m/m

• 0.10% m/m

For a vessel transiting an Emission Control Area (ECA), what is the required maximum sulphur content of the fuel oil used?

• 0.50% m/m

• 0.10% m/m

• 1.00% m/m

• It is the same as the global cap.

What is the most significant challenge associated with using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a marine fuel?

• It produces higher CO2 emissions than HFO.

• It is highly corrosive to engine components.

• The requirement for cryogenic storage at -162°C in expensive, bulky tanks.

• Its extremely high viscosity at ambient temperatures.

What is the primary environmental advantage of using "green" ammonia (NH₃) as a future marine fuel?

• It has a higher energy density than conventional fuels.

• It is non-toxic and easy to handle.

• Its combustion produces zero CO₂ emissions because it contains no carbon.

• It can be stored easily at ambient temperature and pressure.