What ancient rivers provided fertile soil that contributed to the development of agriculture?

• Amazon and Congo

• Tigris and Euphrates

• Mississippi and Missouri

• Thames and Seine

What innovation made the mass production of pottery possible in early civilizations?

• Kiln

• Potter's wheel

• Molds

• Fire pits

Papyrus, an early form of paper, was developed in which ancient civilization?

• Greece

• China

• India

• Egypt

What was the main function of the shadoof in ancient Egypt?

• Measuring rainfall

• Storing grain

• Lifting water for irrigation

• Grinding wheat

Which writing system was developed in Mesopotamia using wedge-shaped marks?

• Hieroglyphics

• Sanskrit

• Cuneiform

• Latin script

What structures in Mesopotamia and Egypt reflected centralized power and religious devotion?

• Arches and domes

• Ziggurats and pyramids

• Temples and palaces

• Obelisks and statues

The Antikythera mechanism, considered an early mechanical computer, was used to:

• Weave cloth

• Navigate ships

• Predict astronomical events

• Measure rainfall

Which group preserved ancient scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages?

• Roman engineers

• Christian monks

• Byzantine and Islamic scholars

• Chinese bureaucrats

What agricultural tool helped boost productivity in Northern Europe?

• Sickle

• Hoe

• Heavy plough

• Tractor

What invention drastically changed warfare and global politics?

• Longbow

• Gunpowder

• Catapult

• Compass