APUSH Marshall Court

How did the appointment of “midnight judges” by president Adams impact future Supreme Court cases?

• explained the creation of the chief justice position

• allowed presidents to decide important cases

• resulted in the ruling of McCulloch v. Maryland

• led to the principle of judicial review

What was the result of the Supreme Court decisions made by Chief Justice John Marshall in the following cases:

• Marbury vs. Madison
• McCullough vs. Maryland
• Gibbons vs. Ogden

• the court upheld the rights of the workers.

• the court abolished the system of slavery.

• the court protected the rights of children.

• the court ruled in favor of strengthening the federal government.

Marbury v. Madison

• This case established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review—the power to determine whether or not a law or other government action is constitutional.

• The court decided that the federal government only (not the states) had the right to control interstate commerce.

• The Supreme Court ruled that interning Japanese-Americans during World War II, even those who were citizens born in the U.S., was legal.

• This decision expanded the guarantees of the Bill of Rights by ruling that the 6th Amendment right to an attorney regardless of ability to pay applies to state cases as well as federal ones.

Gibbons v. Ogden

• This case established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review—the power to determine whether or not a law or other government action is constitutional.

• This case is designed to make sure that those accused of a crime know their rights before they are interrogated by police.

• The court decided that the federal government only (not the states) had the right to control interstate commerce.

• This case gave the legal green light to “separate but equal” public facilities for blacks and whites. It legitimized the Jim Crow segregation laws that would characterize racial policy for the next half-century.

The decision in McCullough v. Maryland defined which clause that shaped Congress’s power?

• Necessary & Proper

• The clause to collect taxes

• The right of states to control interstate commerce

• The River Clause

Although the Supreme Court was the weakest of the three branches of government in the early days of the new republic, John Marshall strengthened the Court by

• establishing the principle of federalism, giving federal courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional
• declaring the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws, unconstitutional
• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland
• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury v. Madison

What court case says the states cannot tax the federal government?

• McCullough v Maryland

• Gibbons v Ogden

• Fletcher v Peck

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward