11 HMS Core 2 KiQ1 Cardiovascular System Review

What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

• Pump blood out of the heart

• Connect arteries and veins and allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes

• Store blood

• Produce red blood cells

Blood can be redirected towards the surface of the skin to remove excess heat. What is this process called?

• Vasoconstriction

• Vasodilation

• Filtration

• Diffusion

Explain how the circulatory system helps protect the body from infections.

• By producing oxygen

• By transporting immune cells and antibodies to fight infectious invaders

• By digesting bacteria in the stomach

• By increasing body temperature

Which component of blood makes up about 55% of its volume and serves as the liquid transport medium?

• Plasma

• Red blood cells

• White blood cells

• Platelets

Which of the following statements best describes the role of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

• They are responsible for fighting infections within the body.

• They transport nutrients and waste products.

• They carry oxygen using haemoglobin.

• They promote blood clotting.

Explain why plasma is essential for the transport of nutrients, waste products, and hormones in the blood.

• Plasma is a liquid medium that dissolves and carries these substances throughout the body.

• Plasma contains haemoglobin for oxygen transport.

• Plasma is responsible for blood clotting.

• Plasma fights infections.

A patient has a reduced number of platelets. Predict and explain the possible consequence of this condition.

• The patient may have difficulty with blood clotting and repairing damaged blood vessels.

• The patient will have increased oxygen transport.

• The patient will have a stronger immune response.

• The patient will have higher plasma volume.

Which of the following best describes the main function of the heart?

• Filtering waste from the blood

• Contracting and powerfully pumping blood out to all areas of the body

• Producing hormones for the body

• Absorbing nutrients from food

How many chambers does the human heart have, and what are they called?

• Two chambers: left and right atrium

• Four chambers: left and right atrium, left and right ventricle

• Three chambers: left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle

• Four chambers: superior and inferior atrium, superior and inferior ventricle

What happens during a heart attack according to the text?

• The heart stops beating due to electrical failure

• The coronary arteries become blocked, starving the heart muscle of oxygen

• The heart pumps too much blood at once

• The pulmonary vein is blocked, preventing oxygenated blood from reaching the heart