Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide

What does the pharmacokinetic process include?

• Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)

• Only absorption and excretion

• Only metabolism and distribution

• Only absorption and metabolism

What is the function of antidotes such as naloxone (opioids) and acetylcysteine (acetaminophen)?

• They are used to counteract poisons.

• They are used to enhance the effects of drugs.

• They are used to diagnose diseases.

• They are used to promote sleep.

Peak is the ______ concentration post-dose. Trough is the ______ before next dose.

• Peak = highest, Trough = lowest

• Peak = lowest, Trough = highest

• Peak = average, Trough = minimum

• Peak = maximum, Trough = average

Which vitamins are fat-soluble?

• A) A, D, E, K

• B) B-complex, C

• C) A, B, C, D

• D) D, E, F, K

What is TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) used for?

• IV nutrition for patients who can't eat.

• Oral supplements for athletes.

• A type of physical therapy.

• A surgical procedure for weight loss.

Which medication is a first-line treatment for Type 2 DM and risk of lactic acidosis?

• Metformin

• Glibenclamide

• Insulin glargine

• Pioglitazone

What is the main risk associated with estrogen-containing medications?

• Increased risk of thromboembolism and cancer.

• Decreased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

• Improved immune system function.

• Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Which drug is used as an antidote for heparin?

• Protamine sulfate

• Vitamin K

• Naloxone

• Acetylcysteine

What is the main side effect of statins?

• Risk of myopathy and liver damage.

• Increased risk of hypoglycemia.

• Severe constipation.

• Visual hallucinations.

ACE inhibitors like lisinopril are used in ______. They can cause ______, hyperkalemia, and angioedema.

• Used in HTN, HF. Can cause cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.

• Used in diabetes only. Can cause rash, hypokalemia, and urticaria.

• Used in asthma. Can cause cough, hypokalemia, and edema.

• Used in arrhythmias. Can cause bradycardia, hypercalcemia, and rash.