chap 2

Levothyroxine dosing is individualized; monitor TSH every __ to __ weeks initially. Too much can cause signs of hyperthyroidism (palpitations, weight loss).

• 6–8

• 1–2

• 2–4

• 10–12

Methimazole and PTU carry risk of __—monitor CBC. PTU preferred in first trimester of pregnancy.

• agranulocytosis

• hepatotoxicity

• thrombocytosis

• hyperkalemia

Which type of insulin is given before meals?

• Rapid-acting insulin (lispro)

• Long-acting insulin (glargine)

• Intermediate-acting insulin

• Short-acting insulin

Oral antidiabetics include metformin (risk: __), sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide, risk: hypoglycemia), and DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin).

• lactic acidosis

• pancreatitis

• weight gain

• hypokalemia

Histamine-2 receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine) reduce gastric acid secretion and are used for __, but long-term use may lead to tolerance.

• ulcers

• hypertension

• asthma

• diabetes

Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over __; should be taken on empty stomach and spaced from other meds for absorption.

• ulcers

• arteries

• nerves

• joints

Lactulose not only relieves constipation but also reduces ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy by __ colonic contents.

• acidifying

• alkalizing

• diluting

• neutralizing

Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia and neurologic symptoms; treated with IM __ in severe cases.

• cyanocobalamin

• folic acid

• iron dextran

• vitamin C

Vitamin D is essential for __ absorption; deficiency linked to osteoporosis and rickets. Often supplemented with calcium in elderly.

• calcium

• iron

• potassium

• magnesium

Vitamin ___ & ___ are toxic if taken in excess over time.

• A, D

• B, C

• E, K

• B, E