Exploring Ageing Theories in Biology

Which biological theory of ageing suggests that the accumulation of random errors in DNA and proteins leads to ageing?

• Programmed ageing theory

• Error theory

• Immunological theory

• Cross linkage theory

The wear and tear theory of ageing is best exemplified by which of the following scenarios?

• The immune system attacking its own cells

• Joints deteriorating after years of physical activity

• Cells dividing a set number of times before stopping

• Free radicals damaging cell membranes

Which theory of ageing involves the formation of abnormal bonds between proteins, leading to decreased tissue flexibility?

• Cross linkage theory

• Free radical theory

• Programmed ageing theory

• Error theory

Free radical theory of ageing is based on the idea that:

• The immune system weakens with age

• Cells are programmed to die after a certain period

• Unstable molecules damage cellular components

• Proteins form abnormal cross-links

Which of the following is an example of programmed ageing?

• The shortening of telomeres after each cell division

• The build-up of cross-linked collagen in skin

• The accumulation of DNA mutations over time

• The production of free radicals during metabolism

According to the immunological theory of ageing, what is a primary cause of ageing?

• Accumulation of metabolic waste

• Decline in immune system function

• Increased cross-linking of proteins

• Programmed cell death

Which of the following best describes the wear and tear theory?

• Ageing is caused by genetic programming

• Ageing results from cumulative damage to cells and tissues

• Ageing is due to immune system malfunction

• Ageing is caused by free radical accumulation

Which molecule is most commonly associated with the free radical theory of ageing?

• Glucose

• Oxygen

• Water

• Sodium chloride

Which of the following is an example of cross linkage theory in action?

• Wrinkling of skin due to collagen fibres binding together

• Loss of immune response to infections

• Accumulation of DNA errors in cells

• Telomere shortening in chromosomes

The programmed ageing theory suggests that:

• Ageing is a result of environmental damage only

• Ageing is controlled by genes and biological clocks

• Ageing is caused by free radicals

• Ageing is due to immune system decline