Adolescent Brain Development and Behavior

What is a unique characteristic of human adolescence compared to other animals?

• Humans experience rapid physical growth.

• Humans undergo significant hormonal changes.

• Humans have an extended period of adolescence.

• Humans develop reproductive capabilities.

What significant process occurs in the brain during puberty?

• The brain shrinks in size.

• The brain undergoes massive remodeling.

• The brain stops developing completely.

• The brain's physical size increases significantly.

Besides influencing sexual development, what other vital functions do hormones perform in the human body?

• They only regulate mood and emotions.

• They primarily control hair growth.

• They keep the heart beating, regulate hydration, and promote organ and bone growth.

• They are only active during puberty.

What is the initial hormonal change that occurs before primary school, triggering the growth and activity of sebaceous glands?

• Release of estrogen.

• Secretion of androgens by adrenal glands.

• Production of melatonin.

• Increase in growth hormone.

Which hormone, when significantly increased during male puberty, promotes hair growth and lean muscle mass?

• Estrogen

• Luteinizing hormone

• Testosterone

• Cortisol

Why is sufficient sleep particularly crucial for children and teenagers?

• It helps them stay awake longer during the day.

• It allows the pituitary gland to release essential growth hormone for development.

• It prevents the production of melatonin.

• It makes them less moody and angry.

How does puberty typically affect the sleep patterns of teenagers?

• They start producing melatonin earlier in the evening.

• Their sleep clocks get pushed back, delaying melatonin production.

• They require less sleep than adults.

• They become immune to the effects of melatonin.

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling impulses, emotions, and forming judgments in adults?

• The cerebellum

• The brainstem

• The prefrontal cortex

• The hippocampus

Which part of the brain is the last to fully develop during adolescence?

• Amygdala

• Cerebellum

• Prefrontal cortex

• Brainstem

What is the process called where the brain eliminates connections that are not used enough during adolescence?

• Neural growth

• Synaptic pruning

• Myelination

• Neurogenesis