Global History & Geography II – June 2025 MC

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ". . . For seven centuries, from the late-12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by a warrior elite. For over two centuries, beginning in the 1630s, the feudal government based in Edo (present-day Tokyo) had enforced a strict 'closed country' (sakoku) policy that prohibited Japanese from leaving and foreigners from entering. While Europe and the United States experienced scientific and industrial as well as political revolutions, and adopted expansionist policies, Japan turned inward—embracing seclusion and, at least at official levels, venerating [respecting] tradition. Cities grew, commerce flourished, and literacy became widespread during this long period of isolation. Peace and relative prosperity spawned the vibrant popular culture we can still visualize vividly today through traditional woodblock prints (which first appeared in the 17th century). Still, in the mid-1800s Japan was a small, introverted, resource-poor, and fundamentally agrarian society. Even within the context of Asia alone, it seemed dwarfed in China’s shadow in every way—historically, culturally, physically, and on any imaginable scale of human and natural resources. . . ."

• Japan challenged China for supremacy in Asia.

• Japan relied on natural resources for industrial growth.

• Japan made great industrial and territorial gains that rivaled world powers.

• Japan experienced a period of cultural development despite its isolation.

This passage best describes which development in Japanese history?

• the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate

• the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry

• the Meiji Restoration

• the annexation of Korea

Which claim is best supported by this document?

• People arrested should be presumed guilty until proven innocent.

• The rights of all citizens should be respected with fairness and justice.

• Religious practices should be limited by the government.

• Freedom of speech should be restricted for the public good.

The situation shown on this map was most influenced by the

• French Revolution

• German Unification

• Balfour Declaration

• Treaty of Versailles

Which claim about Latin America is best supported by the information on this map?

• European countries had control over most of the region until World War I.

• Most independence movements occurred in the 20th century.

• Nationalism became a growing force during the 19th century.

• Most countries gained independence before the Haitian Revolution.

Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. Agriculture had dominated the British economy for centuries. During the 18th century, after a long period of enclosures, new farming systems created an agricultural revolution that produced larger quantities of crops to feed the increasing population. In early 19th-century Britain, land was of great political and economic significance: the aristocracy and gentry owned much of the countryside, and their tenants farmed and reared livestock. New tools, fertilizers and harvesting techniques were introduced, resulting in increased productivity and agricultural prosperity. Indeed, despite the phenomenon of urbanization and industrialization, agriculture remained a principal provider of employment in the provinces, both supporting and being supported by industry. Geographical specialization of products was established, with south-eastern England specializing in grain, for example, and Scotland or Leicestershire in breeding cattle and sheep. Paper money such as that from Yorkshire or Herefordshire illustrates the importance of farming through idealized images of agricultural bliss. Source: “The Industrial Revolution and the Changing Face of Britain,” The British Museum online 7 This passage would be most useful for

• studying how urbanization affected British government policies

• explaining the economic benefits of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain

• analyzing the distribution of natural resources in Britain

• understanding how the Agricultural Revolution led to British imperialism

What was one way British farmers responded to the changes described in this passage?

• The enclosure system was eliminated.

• Agricultural productivity in Britain decreased.

• Farmers specialized based on their location.

• Most farmers in the provinces fled to the countryside.

Which statement best explains the cartoonist’s perspective of conditions in London during this time period?

• Industrialization led to contamination of water supplies and illness.

• The growth of factories contributed to poor working conditions.

• Urbanization caused a scarcity of food and mass starvation.

• The church offered support to those living in urban poverty.

What was the cartoonist’s purpose in creating this illustration?

• to attract people to settle in London

• to promote Queen Victoria’s humanitarian efforts

• to encourage the government to make reforms

• to raise public awareness of the impacts of irrigation

Based on this map, which two countries acquired the most foreign territory?

• Great Britain and France

• the Netherlands and Belgium

• Spain and Portugal

• Germany and Italy