Foundations of CPS Quiz

A cyberphysical system (CPS) is best described as which of the following?

• A standalone computing device for data processing

• A system of devices interacting with the physical world via sensors and actuators in a feedback loop

• A cloud-based IoT device without local control

• A purely mechanical control system

Which characteristic distinguishes CPS from classical computing systems?

• Use of database systems

• Reactive computation: ongoing interaction with the environment

• Single-threaded execution

• Functionbased one-time output generation

What term refers to systems that integrate discrete (cyber) and continuous (physical) models?

• Embedded systems

• Realtime systems

• Hybrid systems

• Autonomous systems

Which requirement is critical for CPS applications where timely responses matter as much as correctness?

• Scalability

• Realtime computing

• High throughput

• Batch processing capability

Why are many CPS applications considered "safetycritical"?

• They are used only in hazardous industries

• Their failure can cause loss of life, property damage, or environmental harm

• They operate at extremely high speeds

• They require high network bandwidth

Which of these is NOT typically a crosscutting property in CPS design?

• Modularity and composability

• Autonomy and human interaction

• Redundancy and resilience

• Centralized monolithic architecture

Realtime behavior in CPS means:

• Results are precise regardless of time

• Correctness of output depends on timing as well as content

• Non-blocking parallel execution only

• Prioritizing correctness over latency always

What disciplines does CPS modeling typically draw upon?

• Only computer science

• Only mechanical engineering

• A mix of control theory, formal methods, concurrency theory, and dynamical systems

• Purely software engineering practices

In the design of CPS, why is composability important?

• It reduces programming effort

• It enables building complex systems from verified components

• It simplifies sensor calibration

• It avoids use of formal methods

Which statement best captures "reactive computation" in CPS?

• A function produces a single output for a given input

• A system responds continuously to sensor and actuator events over time

• Computation occurs in discrete batch cycles

• A system performs operations only at startup