1.4-1.5: Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

• Made of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group; forms the bilayer of cell membranes.

• Composed of a single fatty acid chain and a sugar molecule; forms the outer layer of cell membranes.

• Consists of a protein core surrounded by lipid molecules; acts as a barrier for cell membranes.

• Made of three fatty acid tails and a phosphate group; creates a rigid structure in cell membranes.

What are "complex carbohydrates" another name for?

• monosaccharides

• disaccharides

• polysaccharides

• simple sugars

What does the -ose suffix indicate?

• A common ending for sugar names, indicating the molecule is a carbohydrate (e.g., glucose, fructose).

• A suffix used to denote proteins in biochemistry.

• A term used to describe fatty acids in organic chemistry.

• A prefix indicating the presence of oxygen in a molecule.

What are steroids?

• Lipids with a structure of four fused carbon rings; includes hormones like testosterone and estrogen.

• Proteins that serve as enzymes in metabolic reactions.

• Carbohydrates that provide energy to the body.

• Vitamins that help regulate various bodily functions.

What are polysaccharides?

• Simple sugars that cannot be broken down further.

• Large carbohydrate molecules made by linking many monosaccharides together.

• Proteins that serve as enzymes in biological reactions.

• Fats that are solid at room temperature.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

• Provide quick energy for cells and serve as structural components in organisms.

• Store genetic information in cells.

• Facilitate chemical reactions as enzymes.

• Transport oxygen in the blood.

What are monosaccharides?

• The simplest form of carbohydrates; single sugar molecules like glucose or fructose.

• Complex carbohydrates made of multiple sugar units.

• Sugars that are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.

• A type of protein that helps in digestion.

What is cholesterol?

• A type of protein that helps in muscle contraction.

• A type of steroid that helps maintain cell membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for other steroid hormones.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A vitamin that aids in the absorption of calcium.

What are saturated fatty acids?

• Fatty acids with no double bonds between carbon atoms; usually solid at room temperature.

• Fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms; usually liquid at room temperature.

• Fatty acids that are produced by the body and are essential for health.

• Fatty acids that are only found in animal products and are harmful to health.

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

• Fatty acids with one or more double bonds; usually liquid at room temperature.

• Fatty acids that are solid at room temperature.

• Fatty acids with no double bonds; usually solid at room temperature.

• Fatty acids that contain only single bonds; usually liquid at room temperature.