BIO SCIE DIAGNOSTIC

Which of the following biomolecules is the main source of energy for cellular processes and provides extra structural support to cell membranes?

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

• lipids

Enzymes are essential biological molecules that function as _____.

• genetic information carriers

• structural components of cells

• energy storage molecules

• catalysts for chemical reactions

_ are the building blocks of proteins.

• nucleotides

• monosaccharides

• amino acids

• fatty acids

The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane has a hydrophilic ('water-loving') head and a hydrophobic ('water-fearing') tail. What kind of arrangement does this result in?

• A strong barrier preventing any substances from entering or leaving the cell.

• A flexible and dynamic structure that allows selective transport and maintains cellular integrity.

• A rigid structure that maintains the shape of the cell.

• A passive diffusion of all molecules across the membrane.

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules is known as _____.

• transpiration

• respiration

• mitosis

• photosynthesis

Prokaryotic cells lack which of the following cellular structures that are commonly found in eukaryotic cells?

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• cell membrane

• nucleus

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of prokaryotic cells that aids in their classification and identification?

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

• cell wall

• flagella

Which organelles are responsible for producing energy in eukaryotic cells through aerobic respiration?

• golgi apparatus

• lysosome

• mitochondrion

• nucleus

_____ is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.

• Chlorophyll

• Carotene

• Melanin

• Xanthophyll

Which of the following processes occurs in the cell's cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose to produce a small amount of ATP without using oxygen?

• photosynthesis

• glycolysis

• citric acid cycle

• electron transport chain