8Acid-Base Balance: Regulation and Disorders in Human Physiology

What is the secondary support in regulation mechanisms?

• Cellular Ion Exchange

• Protein Synthesis

• Nutrient Absorption

• Cellular Respiration

What is Acidosis?

• A condition where pH is greater than 7.45

• pH < 7.35, can be respiratory or metabolic in origin.

• A state of alkalinity in the body

• A type of respiratory failure

What is the normal blood pH range?

• 7.25–7.35

• 7.35–7.45

• 7.45–7.55

• 7.55–7.65

What are the management strategies for Acidosis?

• IV bicarbonate, fluids, treat cause.

• Increase respiratory rate to eliminate CO2.

• Administer insulin to lower blood sugar.

• Use diuretics to remove excess fluid.

What are the steps for ABG Interpretation?

• 1. Check pH, 2. Check PaCO₂, 3. Check HCO₃⁻, 4. Identify primary disorder, 5. Assess compensation, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.

• 1. Check HCO₃⁻, 2. Check pH, 3. Assess compensation, 4. Identify primary disorder, 5. Check PaCO₂, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.

• 1. Check PaCO₂, 2. Identify primary disorder, 3. Check pH, 4. Assess compensation, 5. Check HCO₃⁻, 6. Calculate anion gap if needed.

• 1. Identify primary disorder, 2. Check pH, 3. Check HCO₃⁻, 4. Calculate anion gap, 5. Assess compensation, 6. Check PaCO₂.

What is the immediate regulation mechanism?

• Buffer Systems

• Hormonal Regulation

• Nervous System Control

• Enzymatic Activity

What do Buffer Systems do?

• Regulate temperature changes.

• Resist pH changes.

• Increase acidity levels.

• Promote chemical reactions.

What is a Base?

• Accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxyl ions (OH⁻).

• Releases hydrogen ions (H⁺).

• Is a substance that has a pH less than 7.

• Is a compound that can conduct electricity in solution.

What is the regulation mechanism of the Renal System?

• Fast (minutes to hours)

• Moderate (hours)

• Slow (hours to days)

• Immediate (seconds)

What are the normal Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values for HCO₃⁻?

• 20–24 mEq/L

• 22–26 mEq/L

• 25–30 mEq/L

• 18–22 mEq/L