Cells & Viruses Quiz

Which of the following is a key difference between the DNA in a typical bacterium and the DNA in a typical animal cell?

• A. Bacterial DNA is linear, while animal DNA is circular.

• B. Bacterial DNA is associated with histone proteins, while animal DNA is not.

• C. Bacterial DNA is circular and 'naked', while animal DNA is linear and associated with histones.

• D. Bacteria do not have DNA, while animal cells do.

What are the two components that are present in ALL viruses?

• A. A nucleic acid core and a phospholipid envelope.

• B. A protein capsid and a cytoplasm.

• C. A DNA core and an RNA core.

• D. A nucleic acid core and a protein capsid.

A student observes two types of ribosomes. One is a larger 80S type and the other is a smaller 70S type. Where would the 70S ribosomes be found?

• A. In the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

• B. In the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell.

• C. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum of an animal cell.

• D. Only within the nucleus of a plant cell.

Viruses are described as "non-cellular". Which statement best explains this?

• A. They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• B. They lack cytoplasm, organelles, and ribosomes.

• C. Their capsid is made of protein.

• D. They can only replicate inside a host cell.

Which of the following features is present in a prokaryotic cell but absent in a typical animal cell?

• A. Cell surface membrane

• B. 80S ribosomes

• C. Peptidoglycan cell wall

• D. Mitochondria

The genetic material in a virus can be:

• A. Only DNA.

• B. Only RNA.

• C. Both DNA and RNA together.

• D. Either DNA or RNA, but not both.

Which of the following features would be the "odd one out" if grouping features of a eukaryotic cell?

• A. Mitochondrion

• B. Nucleus

• C. Circular DNA

• D. Golgi apparatus

Some viruses, like HIV, have an outer envelope. What is this envelope made of and where does it come from?

• A. It is made of peptidoglycan from the host cell wall.

• B. It is made of protein that the virus synthesises itself.

• C. It is made of phospholipids derived from the host cell membrane.

• D. It is made of cellulose from a plant host.

The term "obligate intracellular parasite" is used to describe viruses. What does this mean?

• A. They can reproduce independently but prefer to be inside a host cell.

• B. They can only replicate by using the metabolic machinery of a living host cell.

• C. They are able to cause disease in both plants and animals.

• D. They exchange genetic material with their host cell.

Which row in the table correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Average Size ~40 µm ~1-5 µm

• B. Membrane-bound organelles Present Absent

• C. Nucleus Absent Present

• D. Cell Wall Always Cellulose Sometimes Peptidoglycan