Exam 3 Practice Review

What is in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)?

• Woman’s eggs are collected from the ovary, fertilized in a laboratory, and transferred into the uterus at the embryo stage of development.

• Woman’s eggs are fertilized inside the body and the embryo is transferred to the fallopian tube.

• Sperm is directly injected into the uterus without egg retrieval.

• Only sperm is collected and analyzed in a laboratory without fertilization.

Answer explanation

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) involves collecting a woman's eggs, fertilizing them in a lab, and then transferring the resulting embryos into the uterus, making this the correct choice.

What is zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)?

• After in vitro fertilization, the ovum is placed into the fallopian tube at the zygote stage of development.

• A technique where sperm is directly injected into the ovary.

• A process where the embryo is implanted into the uterus at the blastocyst stage.

• A method where the ovum is fertilized inside the fallopian tube.

Answer explanation

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) involves placing the fertilized ovum into the fallopian tube at the zygote stage after in vitro fertilization, allowing for natural implantation.

What is gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)?

• Multiple eggs collected from the ovaries are placed in a thin catheter with the sperm to be used. The gametes (eggs and sperm) are then injected into the fallopian tubes via laparoscopy while the patient is under general anesthesia.

• Eggs are fertilized outside the body and the resulting embryos are implanted into the uterus.

• A single sperm is injected directly into an egg in the laboratory and then transferred to the uterus.

• Sperm is directly injected into the uterus to facilitate fertilization.

Answer explanation

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) involves collecting multiple eggs and placing them with sperm in a catheter, which is then injected into the fallopian tubes via laparoscopy, making this the correct description of the procedure.

What is frozen embryo transfer (FET)?

• One or more embryos frozen during a previous treatment cycle are thawed and transferred into the uterus. The endometrium has been primed with estrogen and progestogen.

• A process where eggs are fertilized and immediately transferred into the uterus without freezing.

• A method where sperm is directly injected into the uterus without using embryos.

• A technique where embryos are frozen and stored indefinitely without ever being transferred.

Answer explanation

Frozen embryo transfer (FET) involves thawing one or more embryos that were frozen during a previous cycle and transferring them into the uterus, with the endometrium prepared using estrogen and progestogen.

A gestational carrier is a person who carries and delivers a child for an intended parent or parents, using eggs retrieved from another person.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is true. A gestational carrier indeed carries and delivers a child for intended parents using eggs from another person, distinguishing them from traditional surrogates.

Which of the following is NOT an intervention you can discuss with patients regarding infertility?

• Using water-soluble lubricants during intercourse

• Having the male partner avoid high scrotal temperatures

• Having the male partner avoid tight and fitting underwear

• Encouraging the use of spermicidal lubricants

Answer explanation

Encouraging the use of spermicidal lubricants is NOT an intervention for infertility, as these can actually harm sperm motility and reduce chances of conception.

Fill in the blank: Using water-soluble lubricants during intercourse is recommended because these do not have ______ properties.

• spermicidal

• antibacterial

• antifungal

• antiviral

Answer explanation

Using water-soluble lubricants is recommended because they do not have spermicidal properties, which can interfere with sperm and reduce the chances of conception.

Fill in the blank: Having the male partner avoid environments that cause high ______ temperatures, such as saunas, can reduce sperm production.

• scrotal

• cranial

• abdominal

• thoracic

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'scrotal' because elevated temperatures in the scrotal area can negatively impact sperm production. Environments like saunas raise these temperatures, leading to reduced fertility.

Fill in the blank: Stress management, nutrition counseling, and ______ analysis are interventions you can discuss with patients regarding infertility.

• lifestyle

• financial

• genetic

• medication

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'lifestyle' as it complements stress management and nutrition counseling in addressing infertility. Lifestyle factors significantly impact reproductive health, making this intervention relevant.

What is menopause?

• Menopause is the cessation of menses for 12 consecutive months because of a decrease in estrogen production.

• Menopause is the onset of puberty in women.

• Menopause is the period of increased fertility in women.

• Menopause is the monthly cycle of ovulation in women.

Answer explanation

Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, resulting from decreased estrogen production. This distinguishes it from puberty, fertility, and the monthly ovulation cycle.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3