Macromolecules

Activation Energy

• The energy required to break chemical bonds in a reaction.

• The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

• The energy released during a chemical reaction.

• The energy needed to maintain a reaction at equilibrium.

Macromolecule

• A small, simple molecule composed of one type of atom.

• A large, complex molecule composed of smaller units (monomers) that are bonded together.

• A type of protein that is easily broken down.

• A molecule that cannot form bonds with other molecules.

Induced Fit Model

• A model describing how an enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate upon binding.

• A theory that suggests enzymes are rigid and do not change shape.

• A concept that explains how substrates are permanently altered by enzymes.

• A model that states enzymes can only bind to one specific substrate.

Nucleic Acid

• Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

• Simple sugars that provide energy to cells.

• Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

• Lipids that form cell membranes.

Inhibitor

• A substance that increases the activity of an enzyme by binding to it.

• A substance that decreases the activity of an enzyme by binding to it and preventing substrate interaction.

• A substance that has no effect on enzyme activity.

• A substance that completely destroys the enzyme's structure.

Enzyme

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions, speeding up reactions without being consumed.

• A lipid that stores energy and provides insulation.

• A nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

Lipid

• A group of hydrophilic molecules that include sugars and starches.

• A group of hydrophobic organic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids, important for energy storage and membrane structure.

• A type of protein that aids in muscle contraction and movement.

• A category of vitamins that are soluble in water.

Protein

• A macromolecule made up of amino acids that perform various functions in the body, including catalyzing reactions, providing structure, and facilitating transport.

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the body.

• A lipid that stores energy and insulates the body.

• A nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

Covalent Bond

• A weak bond formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

• A strong bond formed when atoms share electrons.

• A bond that occurs between metal atoms only.

• A temporary bond formed during chemical reactions.

Monomer

• A small molecule that can join together with other small molecules to form a polymer.

• A large molecule made up of many monomers.

• A type of chemical reaction that breaks down polymers.

• A molecule that cannot bond with other molecules.