Ch. 22 & 81 Cardiovascular Systems & Disorders in Basic Nursing

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - CHAPTER 22

What statement is accurate concerning the description of the heart's endocardium layer?

• Thick, strong muscles making up the middle layer

• Thin outer layer of the cardiac wall

• A membrane lining the heart's interior wall

• Outermost layer anchoring the heart

Which layer of the heart comprises the strongest, thickest layer?

• Myocardium

• Endocardium

• Pericardium

• Tunica media

What statement accurately describes the structure of the tunica intima layer of a cardiac blood vessel?

• This layer is composed of connective tissues and nerve cells, as well as nutrient capillaries in larger vessels.

• This layer contains the thickest elastic fibers, as well as connective tissue composed of polysaccharides.

• This layer protects the outside of the vessel.

• This layer is the thinnest—a single layer of simple squamous endothelium held together by an intercellular matrix.

What layer of a vein contains the thickest elastic fibers, as well as connective tissue?

• Tunica intima

• Tunica adventitia

• Tunica media

• Tunica matrix.

What statements demonstrate a correct understanding about the four chambers into which the heart is divided? Select all that apply.

• The interior of the heart is divided into two chambers.

• The thin-walled, low-pressure chambers are the receiving centers for blood.

• Ventricles are high-pressure chambers because they pump blood out of the heart.

• The left ventricle is the thickest chamber and it pumps blood to the rest of the body.

• Each side of the heart has an atrium and a ventricle

A nurse is explaining to a client the physiology of the heart with reference to the cardiac valves. Which statement by the client demonstrates the correct understanding of the function of the cardiac valves?

• They contract with sufficient force to pump blood.

• They act as receiving centers for blood.

• They divide the heart into right and left sides.

• They keep blood to flow in one direction only.

6. What is the correct sequence that occurs during the process of blood flowing through the body beginning at the heart?
   1. It travels through the mitral valves and into the left ventricle.
   2. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

   3. Blood enters the pulmonary artery and lungs, where it receives oxygen.
   4. It moves on through the pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction.
   5. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
   6. It returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

• 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5

• 4, 3, 6, 5, 1, 2

• 5, 2, 4, 3, 6, 1

• 6, 4, 2, 5, 3, 1

Which statements demonstrate the correct understanding of the function of the heart's arteries and veins? Select all that apply.

• The right coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with blood.

• The left coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with blood.

• The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.

• The pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood.

• The pericardial muscle is oxygenated by the coronary vessels

6. What is the correct sequence taken by an electrical impulse through the conduction system of the heart?
   1. Purkinje fibers to muscles of ventricles
   2. Bundle of His (AV bundle)

3. SA (sinoatrial) node
4. AV (atrioventricular) node
5. Right and left bundle branches

• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

• 2, 3, 5, 1, 4

• 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

• 4, 5, 3, 1, 2

What is referred to as the normal “pacemaker” of the heart?

• Purkinje fibers

• Bundle of His

• SA (sinoatrial) node

• AV (atrioventricular) node