CH. 17 & 76 Fluids & Electrolyte Balance & Disorders IN BASIC

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE - CHAPTER 17

Which diagram shows the correct sequence for homeostasis?

• Receptor (sensing component) → control center (brain) → appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones) → change (positive or negative feedback) = homeostasis.

• Receptor (sensing component) → appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones) → control center (brain) → change (positive or negative feedback) = homeostasis.

• Appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones) → control center (brain) → change (positive or negative feedback) → receptor (sensing component) = homeostasis.

• Appropriate response (effectors—muscles, organs, hormones) → change (positive or negative feedback) → control center (brain) → receptor (sensing component) = homeostasis.

What information should be included in discussion concerning intracellular fluid? Select all that apply.

• It is the fluid found inside the cell

• It constitutes about one half to two thirds of the total body fluid in an adult

• The major ions in intracellular fluid are potassium, magnesium, and phosphate.

• It appears mostly as interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid

• The volume of intracellular fluid is the most important regulated aspect of body fluid balance.

The body monitors extracellular fluid volume closely and sends messages to the brain, kidneys, and pituitary gland to maintain control. What information accurately describes the associated regulatory process?

• The thirst center in the thalamus stimulates or inhibits the desire for a person to drink.

• Antidiuretic hormone is released from storage in the anterior pituitary gland as part of the positive feedback mechanism in response to conditions within the cardiovascular system.

• When antidiuretic hormone is released, urine production is increased and water reabsorption is decreased.

• The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system controls fluid volume with aldosterone causing increased reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys in an attempt to increase blood volume.

A client asks the nurse how the fluid in the ankles keeps coming back. What principal causes of edema should the nurse review with the client? Select all that apply.

• Obstruction of arterial blood

• Increased capillary permeability

• Inflammatory reactions

• External pressure

• Obstruction of lymphatic return

What are the functions of water related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances? Select all that apply.

• It requires only a small temperature change to alter its form

• It is a participant in all chemical reactions occurring in the body

• It is a poor solvent

• It functions as a suspension agent

• It is the source of hydrostatic pressure

What major ion found in intracellular fluid is responsible for the normal functioning of neurons and muscle cells?

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Calcium

• Magnesium

What food sources should the nurse encourage the client to eat to help raise the potassium level?

• Table salt, meat, dairy foods

• Dry fruits, nuts, and many vegetables

• Milk and other dairy products, broccoli, green leafy vegetables

• Green leafy vegetables, legumes, chocolate

What factors affect the passage of molecules to pass through a permeable membrane? Select all that apply.

• Osmotic pressure

• Hydrostatic pressure

• Size of the molecule

• Composition of the body fluid

• Compatibility of the electrical charges of the molecule, the membrane and the body fluid

How should the nurse describe the process of osmosis?

• Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

• Most important mechanism by which nutrients and waste pass across the cell membrane

• Water moves from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution

• Pressure exerted to start the flow of water across a membrane

Which statement describes the process of filtration?

• Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

• Most important mechanism by which nutrients and waste pass across the cell membrane

• Water moves from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution

• Transport of water and dissolved materials through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure