THE INFLUENCE OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND HORMONAL CHANGES Quiz

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is TRUE?

• Diabetes directly causes gingivitis and periodontitis.

• Diabetes alters the host tissue response to local factors, hastening bone loss.

• Periodontitis is the cause of diabetes.

• Well-controlled diabetics always show severe periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease is considered the ___ complication of diabetes mellitus.

• Fourth

• Fifth

• Sixth

• Seventh

Which of the following is NOT a common oral manifestation of uncontrolled diabetes?

• Burning mouth and tongue

• Diminished salivary flow

• Increased rate of dental caries

• Pathognomonic gingival lesion

Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) in diabetes affect the periodontium by:

• Increasing collagen synthesis and turnover

• Making collagen more soluble and easily replaced

• Causing collagen cross-linking, making it less soluble and poorly repaired

• Stimulating periodontal regeneration

Which of the following conditions is associated with hormonal influences on the periodontium?

• Puberty and pregnancy

• Menopause and trauma

• Puberty and fluorosis

• Diabetes and hypertension

The primary mechanism by which poorly controlled diabetes increases susceptibility to periodontal infections is:

• Increased saliva production

• Enhanced PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) function

• Impaired PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis

• Excessive bone formation