Ancient Civilizations and Concepts

River Valley

• Fertile land near rivers, ideal for early civilizations.

• Dry and arid land unsuitable for agriculture.

• Mountainous regions with limited access to water.

• Coastal areas prone to flooding and erosion.

Paleolithic

• New Stone Age. Agricultural societies.

• Old Stone Age. Hunter-gatherers.

• Middle Ages. Feudal systems.

• Industrial Age. Urbanization.

Political Centralization

• Concentrating power in central authority.

• Distributing power among local governments.

• Encouraging individual autonomy and freedom.

• Promoting regional independence.

Surplus

• Less than needed.

• Exactly what is needed.

• More than needed.

• A type of financial investment.

Sedentary

• Staying in one place.

• Engaging in physical activity regularly.

• Moving frequently from one place to another.

• Participating in outdoor sports.

Hunter-Gatherer

• Foraging for food. Nomadic.

• Settled agricultural lifestyle.

• Industrialized society with factories.

• Urban living with modern amenities.

Neolithic

• Age of farming. New Stone.

• Era of metal tools and weapons.

• Time of early human migration.

• Period of industrial revolution.

Irrigate

• Supply water to the land.

• Remove water from the land.

• Add nutrients to the soil.

• Increase soil erosion.

Cuneiform

• Wedge-shaped ancient writing system.

• A type of ancient pottery.

• A form of early mathematics.

• An ancient musical instrument.

Domestication

• Taming plants or animals.

• A method of wild animal hunting.

• A process of plant extinction.

• A technique for soil erosion control.